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刘宪权教授厦门开讲 “思法学苑”助力法院人才培养

2017-08-11 13:48:10   央广网

“刑事看行为,民事看关系!互联网金融犯罪当中特别多这类问题。比如大家在讨论的,商店门口专门提供支付二维码,顾客拿了东西扫码之后付款完毕。有人利用这一点把自己的二维码贴在商店二维码前面。顾客拿了商店的货之后来扫码,钱都支付到其他人的相关账号里,到底应该定什么罪名。上海也出现了这样一个例子,有一个人到国外出差房子空着。他在出国前把钥匙留给保安,种种原因一直没回来,保安就感觉房子空着可惜,就冒充是自己的房子借给别人,很长时间之后房主回来发现房子被出租但是自己没有收到租金,问保安要租金保安也不给。这是否构成犯罪?如何看待这类问题,最关键还是行为和关系之间的问题。很多人习惯在金融犯罪和一般财产犯罪中用民法思维考虑问题,关注受害人是谁而没有关注行为直接获得的是什么。我们应该关注行为的直接指向,行为人拿到的是商店的货款,行为人拿到的是租金,因为顾客以为是商店的二维码,租客以为房子是保安的,让人产生错误认识而自觉自愿地把钱交给你。定诈骗或者诈骗类的犯罪没有任何问题。我们强调‘刑事看行为,民事看关系’,如果用这种思维方式,实际中很多复杂的问题一目了然,迎刃而解。……”

刘宪权教授在讲座中表示,互联网犯罪不能一味从重惩治,应根据具体情况分为“从重”、“从平”、“从轻”处理。如涉及国家安全、信息安全、人格名誉的犯罪,通过互联网传播其危害结果呈几何级增长,就应该从重处罚。而大量的电信诈骗类的犯罪,互联网对危害结果并无实质影响的,就按照相应数额定罪量刑。对互联网金融犯罪,有些是特定条件下金融创新项目引发的,比如P2P平台由于未设立门槛,监管层面没有加以引导产生的问题,就应把线上与线下犯罪做区分,它不同于非法吸收公众存款罪和集资诈骗罪,应从轻处罚。

刘宪权教授表示,社会在进步发展,未来将出现更多新型支付形式,只要把握住“刑事看行为”的原则就不会被各种新兴平台和支付方式的变化所迷惑。目前,他的研究领域已经涉及与人工智能相关的法律问题。“如果一般机器人可以成为诈骗对象,那么智能机器人是否可以成为侵权主体?如果智能机器人的智慧独立于设计者之外,在设计者之上,发生了危害社会的行为,比如未来的无人驾驶汽车、智能医院等产生的法律问题,水来承担责任,值得我们思考。”

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