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高大上了,杭州80年前就能造出飞机

2017-08-11 13:48:08   中国青年网

中杭厂员工在制造飞机。

1937年8月14日,“淞沪会战”爆发。这一天凌晨,日军9架飞机飞临杭州笕桥机场上空。中国空军第四大队在队长高志航的率领下,与日军英勇作战,击落日机3架,击伤1架,己方无一伤亡。中日空军首次交锋,中方完胜日军。

振奋人心的历史值得铭记。但少有人知道,中方的战机是从哪里来的?很长的时间内,这段历史是空白的。

昨起,杭州市政协文史委在杭州市档案馆举办“中央杭州飞机制造厂(1937—1942)”史料图片展,展览真实还原了“中杭厂”的发展历史。有兴趣的市民,不妨去看看,展览将持续到9月3日。

它是杭州当时最大的现代化工厂

说起“中杭厂”的由来,得把时间调回到80多年前。

美国公司投资25万美元在杭州笕桥机场北面建造占地6万平方英尺(5574平方米)的工厂,从事制造飞机部件、设备并加以组装、修理。工厂的英文名为Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company, 由于工厂设在杭州,所以中文名为“中央杭州飞机制造厂”(简称“中杭厂”)。1934年8月,中杭厂正式运营。

据历史记载,中杭厂是中美第一家合资企业,也是当时杭州最大的现代化工厂。工厂的人员配置一流,曾任美国波音公司首席工程师担任监理人,还汇聚了来自全国各地的金工、钳工、车工、焊工、木工等能人。

已经100岁的朱亚泉老人曾是厂里的工人,他在接受媒体采访时说过,当年中杭厂员工的收入水平在国内属于领先位置。

它在杭州修造了235架飞机

中杭厂初期组装、修理和生产的机翼主要是木结构或金属与木质混合结构。从1936年起,中杭厂开始制造全金属飞机。

根据统计,在抗战全面爆发前,中杭厂共为中国空军组装以及制造霍克-3战斗机60架,生产了诺斯罗普单翼全金属轻型轰炸机30架、雪力克单翼全金属截击机30架,大修霍克-2式双翼蒙布式战斗机10架;并承担了中央航空学校的飞机维修任务。从1934年8月开工到1937年8月西迁的3年中,中杭厂以平均4天组装、修理、生产一架飞机的速度,完成了费立特教练机、道格拉斯飞机、诺斯罗普轰炸机、伏尔梯轰炸攻击机、徐来克攻击机等235架飞机的生产。

抗战全面爆发后,杭州沦陷,中杭厂被迫西迁到汉口。1939年,日军西进,中杭再次搬迁到了中缅交界的云南省瑞丽市垒允村。那里既是抗战的大后方,又靠近缅甸,方便物资交流和联合作战。在垒允,全体员工怀着救亡图存的精神,加紧生产,支援抗战。1940年,日军封锁滇缅公路,对垒允两次轰炸,因为缺少防空力量,中杭厂损失惨重,被迫停工。

“飞虎队”飞机也是中杭厂组装的

在中杭厂被轰炸停工之后,经过中杭厂高层管理人员的努力,1941年,“美国志愿援华航空队”(又称“飞虎队”)来华参战。当时他们是以中杭厂签约员工的身份来的,原先援助英国的100架P-40战机同时也提供给了中国。

由于战时交通不便,这些飞机先以散装的形式运输到缅甸,然后由中杭厂派出修理人员冒着生命危险为飞虎队秘密组装。

中杭厂的技术人员以平均两天组装一架飞机的速度,于1941年11月完成了99架飞机的组装任务。除了组装飞机,飞虎队的地勤保障以及在战争中维修受损的飞机也是由中杭厂负责的。

1942年5月,随着战事的推进,中杭厂在垒允的工厂被迫焚毁并撤退。不久,中杭厂解散。

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