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央广《王冠红人馆》财经报告:美对俄加强制裁,为何聚焦北溪二号?

2017-08-11 13:10:04   央广网

从俄罗斯的角度的来说,保住克里米亚就是保住了黑海的出海口,保住了黑海的出海口就是保住了通往欧洲的通道,而保住了通往欧洲的通道就意味着俄罗斯还不是一个纯内陆国家,这是一连串不可妥协的核心利益所在。

因此,无论从地缘政治、战略安全和历史因素来说,俄罗斯在克里米亚问题上都没有可以退让的余地。

三、前瞻--美对俄清算"阶段性总账"为哪般?

  美国心心念念的是能源出口

我们注意到,美国此次制裁法案特意提到"能源出口管道投资",这里就要说到"北溪二号"。"北溪2号天然气管道项目"是俄罗斯天然气工业公司与德国意昂能源集团、壳牌石油、法国能源、奥地利石油天然气集团和意大利埃尼集团等5家欧洲大型能源公司合作计划共同投资修建的天然气出口管道输送项目。北溪2号将跨越波罗的海从俄罗斯到德国的、总长1224公里。俄方称,"北溪2号"建成后每年将再增加550亿立方米天然气的输送能力。项目计划于2019年建成,最晚从2020年起,俄罗斯输往西欧的天然气将直接运抵德国,无需再过境波兰、乌克兰等国。

北溪2号天然气管道项目计划图

该项目甫一提出,就在欧盟内部引发严重分歧,德、法等西欧国家认为该项目是对本国能源供应的重要补充,不仅降低了运输成本而且还将规避战乱以及复杂的地缘政治风险;而波兰、斯洛伐克以及乌克兰等东欧国家则表示强烈反对。波兰政府表示,该项目不仅使乌克兰、斯洛伐克和波兰等国失去数十亿欧元的过境收入,还会增强俄罗斯天然气公司的霸权地位,削弱欧盟在与俄罗斯能源贸易中的实际竞争力。

而除了欧洲内部的争议 隔着大西洋的美国也一直在积极插手"北溪2号"项目。

2016年8月,美国前副总统拜登明确表态反对"北溪2号",称该项目将使欧洲更加依赖俄罗斯的能源。

俄罗斯卫星通讯社近期援引不愿透露姓名的布鲁塞尔外交消息人士的话报道称,美国为阻止"北溪2号"天然气管道建设项目不断向欧盟成员国施加外交压力,试图以此打压俄罗斯天然气公司这一欧洲能源市场上的强劲竞争对手。报道指称,美国希望"埋葬"这一项目,因为这是美国向欧盟推销本国出产的页岩气时遭遇的最主要障碍。

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