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外报:美国来硬的对进口品开铡 恐引全球贸易战?

2017-08-10 15:12:43   中国青年网

中新网8月10日电 泰国《世界日报》日前刊发社论称,美国总统特朗普上任后,软硬兼施要求各国增加对美国投资,以弥补过去美国制造业流失的缺口。而未来预估美国会扩大使用反倾销制度的力道,各国也会加强反倾销措施以保护本国产业。全球贸易战虽然尚未开打,但利用反倾销税来抑制进口的趋势会更明显。

资料图:钢铁生产车间。李南轩 摄

文章说,美国也鼓吹公平贸易,主张利用双边的手段,要求贸易对手国消除不公平贸易措施;更不可以扭曲汇率,以改善贸易失衡的情形。

但人们也不能忽略美国也正扩大使用本身贸易措施,抑制外国不公平贸易行为。因为特朗普上任以来,诸多法案在国会卡关推动不顺;原本寄予厚望的边境调整税也在争议太大下先行搁置。至于要求外国自发性改善虽有些成效,但美国难以掌控。所以不如利用现有的工具,其中以反倾销措施及232条款的运用,未来对其他区域的影响较大。

分析指,反倾销制度是目前世界应用最频繁的进口救济措施,虽然美其名是为了维持公平贸易;但反倾销制度本身就带有浓厚的保护色彩。WTO(世界贸易组织)虽有反倾销协议,但是各国不按规范援引倾销调查仍时有所闻,引发了很多贸易纠纷。

以WTO争端解决机制为例,由1995年成立到今年上半年,反倾销的案例就有116件,占525件全部争端解决案例的22%,反倾销制度可说是目前最具争议性的WTO协议。特别是在2010年以后反倾销的争端解决案件数目高达37件,约占所有116件案例的三分之一,反映出各国引用反倾销之频繁以及此制度的高度争议性。

该文称,未来预估美国会扩大使用反倾销制度的力道,各国也会群起效尤,加强反倾销措施以保护本国产业。全球贸易战虽然尚未开打,但利用反倾销税来抑制进口的趋势会更加明显。

除了传统的反倾销等进口救济措施外,特朗普也启用被冰封已久的232条款。此条款源自1962年美国贸易扩张法,主要是以国家安全为理由,对进口产品进行调查。一旦认定外国进口产品有损及美国国家安全,总统有权对外国产品实施紧急贸易制裁,可以径行提高关税或限制进口。

分析认为,目前美国主要调查产品是钢铁与铝材制品,虽然结果尚未公布,但已经引发预期性的市场震荡。而且美国以国家安全的理由,准备对进口品开铡,已经引起许多国家的不满;但在上月的G20峰会并未有完善的解决,未来是否成为引发全球贸易战的导火线,也值得关注。

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