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央广《王冠红人馆》财经报告:美对俄加强制裁,为何聚焦北溪二号?

2017-08-11 13:10:04   央广网

如今新的制裁法案,很容易让人联想到这是美国希望通过阻碍"北溪2号",增加美国的能源出口以抢占欧洲市场的策略。

现在欧洲使用的天然气有三分之一都来自俄罗斯,若"北溪2号"管线建成后,对俄的天然气进口可能提高到40%。基于欧洲能源环保的严格要求,预计未来欧洲对天然气的使用比例会越来越大,这意味着欧洲对于俄罗斯的能源依赖会越来越重,这显然是美国不愿意见到的。

北溪天然气管道

从整个世界能源来说,世界第一大天然气出口国是卡塔尔,但现在沙特和卡特尔断交风波已经成为了一个烂摊子,卡塔尔的能源出口之路已经不通了。国际油价最近一段时间也有所上涨,走出了一个比较突然的大阳线,基本在50美元左右。搅乱了卡塔尔,美国如果能把"北溪2号"搅黄了,油价再往上走一走的话,那么美国页岩气就会恢复生产,能源出口将为美国带来庞大利益。而欧洲也会面临一个很现实的问题,天然气既有的进口路线全都不通了,就算贵也只能买美国的了。

7月上旬,特朗普前往德国参加G20峰会顺访波兰期间,公开向东欧伙伴推销美国天然气,而且一批美国天然气此前已通过海运抵达波兰。从这个角度看,美国国会制裁俄罗斯的法案当然会获得特朗普认可,因为双方好歹在分歧较大的美俄关系领域找到了难得共识,既满足了两党建制派对俄罗斯的反感与遏制,又服务于特朗普的美国能源独立构想,还回报了那些资助他的石油企业。

不过,欧盟也不傻,不愿意充当美国制裁的筹码与炮灰。包括德国在内的一些欧洲国家对美国的新制裁表达不满。欧盟委员会主席容克警告说,新制裁可能对欧盟能源安全利益造成"意外的单方面影响"。容克表示,如果美国制裁俄罗斯的法律并未将欧盟利益纳入考量,欧盟就会保留在未来数日内采取报复行动的权利。容克强调,在制裁俄罗斯这一问题上,欧盟必须保护自身经济利益不会受到美方妨害,"我们会那样做"。

四、总结

美国突然和俄罗斯"算总账"显然是目的明确,有备而来。而俄罗斯虽然表面镇定,但恐怕短期内还是难以消化美国的制裁压力。"北溪2号"能否建成不仅关系到俄罗斯未来的经济发展,更关系到全世界的能源格局。同时,欧洲也不会干等着自己成为美国能源布局的棋子,三方的利益博弈难分高下。未来全球能源格局将向何处发展,我们会持续关注。

更多精彩内容,敬请关注央广《王冠红人馆》节目及微信公号。

央广《王冠红人馆》舆情课题组 朱珊珊

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