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不堪重负?废旧家电处理行业的三缄其口

2017-08-08 16:34:03   中国经济网

2016年,作为基金补贴新标实施的元年,一些情况也在悄然发生改变。

据《白皮书2016》介绍:2016年,废电视机拆解量占绝对统治地位的情况已经发生改变,从2015年的70%缩减为55%,其处理份额被电冰箱、洗衣机、房间空调器等产品所占据。房间空调器的比例为2.7%,较2015年上升1127.3%,洗衣机15.9%,上升91.6%,电冰箱为7.7%,上升75.0%,微型计算机为18.6%,上升8.8%。

价格因素在其中起了主导作用,田晖指出,“2016年以前,电视的补贴价格是最高的,然后大部分回收来的废旧家电都是电视。现在,新标准调整了补贴价格,空调补贴价格升了,电视补贴价格降了。” 从京东设立的回收平台上,笔者查阅到目前冰箱回收均价约为27元,空调约108元,电视约54元,洗衣机约25元。

“这两年,互联网回收平台不断涌现,不过大部分平台更愿意回收手机等3C产品。他们回收来的废弃电器电子会先经过一轮检测,如果能够再利用的会翻新后流入二手市场,不能再利用的便卖给处理企业。毕竟,商家要追求利润最大化。”

据《白皮书2016》介绍2016年,我国废弃电器电子回收业务呈现以下特点:

一、绿色回收稳定增长,废旧手机回收成热宠,华为等手机生产企业也纷纷加入,履行生产者延伸责任,加入废旧手机的回收市场;

二、以个体回收为主的格局未打破,回收成本高居不下。田晖介绍说,“第三方回收商仍占全部回收量的90%以上,此外,废弃电器电子产品的运输、贮存和人员成本居高不下,尤其针对大家电的回收,物流成本有时比废家电本身的材料价值还高。而物价上涨,也导致回收人员成本持续升高,引起很多回收人员退出该行业。”

三、新型回收模式持续发展,政策引导作用日益显现。2016年,生产企业主导的EPR回收模式开始在全国大范围实施,四川长虹、格力、 TCL等知名生产企业纷纷加入EPR试点。再生资源回收与环卫垃圾收运网络融合(两网融合)项目在各地积极探索实践。更多的新型第三方回收渠道也快速发展起来。

“目前,多元化的回收渠道将在很长一段时间内存在。回收的成本也必然会传导至拆解处理企业,”田晖认为。

在目前的环境格局下,增强自主研发能力,加强成本管控是很多处理企业的第一选择。以格林美为例,其自主研发的“干湿法联用废旧电路板贵金属回收技术”已经成为行业标准,产品附加值在节节攀升,从废旧电器电子到钴、镍等金属,再到超细钴镍粉末,经过两次“变身”,成为了紧俏的市场资源,目前,格林美已成为全球第三、中国第一的超细钴镍粉末制造商,而市场也给予了其积极的反响。此外,随着行业内竞争的加剧,仅依靠基金补贴已经难以为继,在这种情况下,2016年格林美进军报废汽车拆解业务,废泥废渣等危险废物处理处置,动力电池回收等业务。而另一家企业,启迪桑德也在固废业务中大力扩展生活垃圾分类,推进两网融合示范项目。

未来,随着国家生态文明建设,环保相关产业的监管与政策力度只会加强,以“电子垃圾之都”贵屿为例,自2015年底开始对拆解业进行“圈取治理,集中治污”的军令状后,诸多拆解户已经进驻贵屿循环经济园区,统一生产、交易,而近期包括山西、内蒙古、江苏、河北、山东、甘肃等地在内,都加大了治理力度。

前路虽难,却也璀璨!

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