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不堪重负?废旧家电处理行业的三缄其口

2017-08-08 16:34:03   中国经济网

而拆解企业的“苦水”也是满满的。万春晖表示,“一方面,在中国废旧电器电子是作为‘资源’来对待的。拆解企业要维持运行,就要从各种渠道买‘资源’。在2009~2011年国家推行‘以旧换新’期间,废旧电器电子集中在家电零售商和生产商手中,拆解企业与他们对接相对容易;而在这一期间外,废旧电器电子主要集中在个体回收户手中,‘资源’相对分散。不少拆解企业也尝试过自建回收渠道,但最终折戟在‘成本过高’——废旧电器电子的分布是离散型的,单个回收网点根本难以覆盖;而大家电最高昂的还是运输成本!”她提到,在国外,如日本,废旧电器电子是作为‘垃圾’来处理的,消费者要为它们的回收买单,通过邮局寄递至回收处理网点,否则便要吃罚单,“这在中国肯定行不通,从制度设计便是不同的。”

“另一方面,拆解企业处理后得到的再生资源,其实很大部分归属于大宗原材料,受市场波动影响很大,如铜的价格最低时3万元一吨,最高时8万元一吨,如果价格太低,处理产品的获利甚至不能覆盖收购时的成本。近两年,大宗原材料价格上涨,拆解企业盈利状况便好一些;前几年,这些原材料价格处于下行通道,拆解企业的日子也紧巴巴的。”

以格林美为例,其市场K线在2011年后的几年时间中,基本呈“阴跌”态势。直到现在,在政策层与市场层的双重刺激下,才呈现出上扬起色。而格林美在整个行业中,居于前三位置,也是技术投入较强,盈利能力较为突出的企业之一。

据《中国废弃电器电子产品回收处理及综合利用行业白皮书2016》显示,2016年拆解处理企业分化明显,行业集中度不断增强。田晖表示,“根据环保部发布的2016年第1、 2季度处理企业处理数据显示,格林美、中再生、启迪桑德三大集团企业处理量占全行业42.5%,比2015年同期增长8%。”而与此同时,有近三成处理企业因“不堪重负”而停产。

监控下的拆解流水线

“拆解企业之所以不愿意站在聚光灯下,很可能与他们接受基金补贴的敏感性有关系。”骗补,这个词汇似乎总是与国家补贴如影随形。“不过,在本轮的废旧电器电子基金补贴制度中,不可能存在这种漏洞”,万春晖强调,“环保部对于获得了基金补贴资质的企业建立了严格的监管措施。举措之一,便是对拆解企业流水线全天候无死角的视频监控,在这种状况下,虚报基本不可能。此外,环保部责成地方环保部门下到现场进行监管。当然,还有第三方会计师事务所的审核评估以及全国性的审查抽检。”

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