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塞罕坝刷新的“三观”

2017-08-08 06:03:04   中国青年网

2011年,木材价格、苗木价格、甚至松塔价格都大幅上涨。在党委分工中分管造林的刘国权回忆说,兜里一有钱,塞罕坝人首先想到的就是自筹资金造林。

他们当年就迫不及待地在3个地块搞起了试验,2012年则在整个机械林场全面推开。“当时一亩地要投入1200元,林场就要自筹900元。”刘国权核算说。

用“攻坚造林”来命名这项艰巨的工程,可谓塞罕坝的“专利”,同样“改培”的提法做法也来自塞罕坝人的创新。

近几年,塞罕坝一直在扎实推进 “天然林近自然改培工程”。刘国权自豪地对记者说:“‘改培’这个词在林学的教科书中是找不到的!”

过去对天然林改造通常采取“皆伐”之后再重新造林。“所谓皆伐就是全伐,给林子‘剃光秃’。”他解释说。塞罕坝人的改培则是采用“择伐”,将天然林中白桦树的优良单株留下,其他选择性伐掉,然后在保留的白桦树下植上樟子松、云杉。

“伐树是有收益的,改‘皆伐’为‘择伐’,这部分收入自然就减少了。”但塞罕坝人将眼光盯向了20年之后甚至更远——到那时,改培的天然林将形成针阔混交、复层异龄的生态系统。

“这样的攻坚和创新可不是偶然的。”在刘国权看来,这背后的驱动力正是塞罕坝人树“生命共同体”的生态观。

从取到予的转变

日前,在承德市举办的第十五届中国(承德)国际经济贸易洽谈会上,一款罐装650毫升、将7升空气压缩其中的“塞罕坝牌”森林空气吸引了海内外客商的关注。

据检测,塞罕坝的森林空气里富含原生态负氧离子,每立方厘米含量高达8.46万个,平均含量是城市市区的8~10倍。

一罐 “塞罕坝牌”的森林空气仅能压缩7升,价格还不便宜。于是每年夏季,大量游客索性涌入塞罕坝,“洗肺”同时也享受坝上夏日的清凉。

近年来,塞罕坝每年吸引游客50多万人次,门票收入可达4000多万元。于是一度占全部收入90%以上的木材产业比重降到50%左右,塞罕坝的森林旅游、绿化苗木等绿色经济收入占了半壁江山。

有人算了一笔账:建场55年来,国家投入和林场自筹资金累计约10.2亿元。但据估算,目前塞罕坝资源总价值已达202亿元,投入产出比高达1比19.8。

近年来,绿水青山靠着强大的发展后劲,正逐渐释放其“金山银山”的效应。而塞罕坝所在的围场满族蒙古族自治县可谓“近水楼台先得月”——这个国家级贫困县给自己选择的脱贫路径正是绿色和生态。

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