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如何避免公共决策“拍脑袋”“一言堂”?

2017-08-07 17:35:16   中国青年网

针对一些公众参与决策“不说白不说,说了也白说”的现象,中国行政法研究会理事、中央民族大学法学院教授熊文钊表示,听取意见可以采取向社会公开征求意见、举行听证会、召开座谈会等多种方式,但要避免形式化、走过场。

“以听证会为例,应当严格遵守组织听证会的相关规定,人员方面不能只选赞成的人参加听证,各方面的意见都要有。听证会记录要整理出来给决策者看,真正产生影响。”熊文钊说。

——焦点三:如何减少“拍脑袋”决策?

征求意见稿:拟规定,专业性、技术性较强的决策事项,需要进行专家论证的,应当组织论证其必要性、可行性、科学性等;重大行政决策的实施可能对生态环境、社会稳定等方面造成不利影响的,应当开展风险评估。

各方意见:一些基层干部表示,一把手“拍脑袋”决策,导致财政买单、百姓遭殃的案例并不鲜见。

熊文钊表示,征求意见稿多处针对科学决策问题。为避免“拍脑袋”决策,要在事前充分论证,以大量事实、数据作为支撑,并吸收业界的专业意见。同时要注重程序约束,让不科学的决策无法通过。

此外,姜明安建议,对于重大决策要进行风险评估,通过大数据分析,综合考虑经济、维稳、环境的风险。同时,要作决策的成本效益分析,不能只考虑好处,也要考虑付出的成本。

——焦点四:如何防范一把手“一言堂”?

征求意见稿:拟规定,决策事项应当经决策机关常务会议或者全体会议讨论,由行政首长在集体讨论基础上作出决定。

为防止一把手搞“一言堂”,征求意见稿还规定,行政首长最后发表意见;行政首长拟作出的决定与出席的会议组成人员多数人的意见不一致的,应当在会上说明理由;会议讨论情况和决定应当如实记录。

各方意见:福建师范大学公共管理学院副教授张翔说,老百姓送给某些官员“一指没”等外号,表达了对一些干部大搞“一言堂”乱决策的不满。征求意见稿从程序设置和制度安排上,对行政首长对决策的影响进行限制,能够减少乱决策的发生。

南开大学法学院副教授李晓兵表示,一把手“一言堂”还容易导致政策朝令夕改,“新官不理旧事”。破解这些问题,就要努力实现决策的法定程序,保持政策持续性,不能换个领导就换个思路。重大行政决策的执行、修改都要依法进行,如果违反要追责、问责。

——焦点五:如何保证依法决策?

征求意见稿:拟规定合法性审查为决策必经程序,规定未经合法性审查,或者经审查不合法的,不得提交决策机关讨论。为保证合法性审查质量,规定应当充分发挥政府法律顾问、公职律师的作用,并提供必要的材料和时间保障。

各方意见:在一些地方,政府决策合法性的问题比较突出。比如,中部某省一个成立仅四天的协调机构,发布全省范围内禁止燃放烟花爆竹的行政命令,引发社会对决策权限合法和程序合法的质疑。

多位专家学者认为,重大行政决策应遵循依法行政的基本原则与要求,应将依法决策置于法律原则的第一位。

姜明安说,决策合法性首先是决策权限问题,要把决策部门是否有权决策搞清楚。同时,决策内容要合法,看是否符合法律法规。政府部门的决策不能与法律法规相对抗,对于非法决策还应该严格进行责任追究。(记者翟永冠、丁小溪、刘怀丕、梁建强)

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