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如何避免公共决策“拍脑袋”“一言堂”?——聚焦《重大行政决策程序暂行条例(征求意见稿)》

2017-08-07 16:08:07   新华网

新华社北京8月7日电  题:如何避免公共决策“拍脑袋”“一言堂”?——聚焦《重大行政决策程序暂行条例(征求意见稿)》

新华社“新华视点”记者

目前,《重大行政决策程序暂行条例(征求意见稿)》已经结束向社会征求意见。“新华视点”记者从国务院法制办了解到,目前国务院法制办正在汇总整理、分析研究各方意见。下一步将充分吸纳各方合理意见,进一步修改完善征求意见稿,尽快形成成熟的条例草案提请国务院常务会议审议。

记者采访参与条例制定的权威专家和法律界人士,深度解读这部被国务院列入“全面深化改革急需的项目”的行政法规。

  ——焦点一:哪些事项将属于重大行政决策?

征求意见稿:拟规定重大行政决策的范围,包括编制经济和社会发展等方面的重要规划;制定有关公共服务、市场监管、社会管理、环境保护等方面的重大公共政策和措施;制定开发利用、保护重要自然资源的重大公共政策和措施;决定在本行政区域实施的重大公共建设项目;决定对经济社会发展有重大影响、涉及重大公共利益或者社会公众切身利益的其他重大事项。

各方意见:中国政法大学副校长马怀德表示,征求意见稿的一大亮点,是明确了什么样的决策适用重大行政决策程序,既规范了决策行为,又避免过多增加行政成本。

也有专家表示,目前征求意见稿对适用范围规定过于抽象,“重大项目、重大政策、重大事项”等缺乏客观标准,有可能在执行过程中给逃避适用条例规定留下空间。比如,车辆限行、企业限产的决策,对公民的财产权、市场经济的自发调节做出了限制,算不算重大?

北京大学法学院教授姜明安等专家建议,应对重大决策的范围进行更加清晰的界定,规定的事项不能只有范围还要有标准,比如涉及多少钱、多少人等。避免一些地方为规避决策程序,对“重大”随意解读。

  ——焦点二:如何避免公众参与决策“走过场”?

征求意见稿:拟规定作出重大行政决策包括5个程序:公众参与、专家论证、风险评估、合法性审查、集体讨论决定等。

各方意见:马怀德指出,公众参与是行政决策过程中非常重要的程序,条例明确提出,除依法应当保密的外,涉及社会公众切身利益或者对其权利义务有重大影响的决策事项,应当广泛听取意见。

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