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促成果变现,帮科研掘金(文化讲坛)

2017-08-04 04:34:54   中国青年网

制度上,斯坦福大学对科技成果归属也设立“保险墙”。如果科研过程中非偶发性地用到学校资源(包括资金、设备、人力等),使用方需要和学校签订协议,知识产权也归校方所有,除非校方放弃所有权。这样就避免了产权纠纷。例如,当年雅虎与谷歌的创始人分别向技术授权办公室提交自己的技术,调查后判定,雅虎开发中利用学校资源只是偶发性的,不需要进行技术许可;而谷歌超过偶发性地利用了校园资源,技术的所有权归校方,需要进行技术许可。

成果转化生态链中,各方的关系要捋顺

事实上,美国的科技成果转化也经历了由弱到强的过程。在《拜杜法案》由国会通过前,美国高校中政府科研项目取得的专利、软件著作权等发明成果,所有权归政府所有。由于美国联邦政府没有统一的专利政策,要对这些成果进行商业化应用,需要20多个政府部门批准。繁琐的行政手续导致大量专利闲置。截至1980年,联邦政府虽然持有2.8万件专利,但授权商用的比例低于5%。

1980年,《拜杜法案》由国会通过。根据《拜杜法案》,联邦政府资助的科研项目取得的专利、软件著作权等发明成果,其所有权属于高校等受资助单位,将成果转移的工作交由高校负责,从而尽可能地扩大成果转化率。

近些年,中国出台了很多促进高校院所科技成果转化的措施。我认为,最关键的就是设计一套清晰的制度规范。比如,知识产权如何归属,收益怎么分配,教学科研和创业如何平衡,如何透明化管理等。科技成果转化涉及完整的生态链条,要捋顺各方之间的关系。从科技资源分配、科研经费应用机制、人员管理等方面进行通盘考虑。“头痛医头,脚痛医脚”并不能达到很好的效果。国内高校也有必要设立专门的、具有一定规模的专利管理机构,为科技成果转化提供专业服务,对接产业界需要。

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