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东西方文化的融通与回响
2017-08-04 03:32:42 中国青年网
读诗人汗漫的文学随笔集《一卷星辰》(广西师范大学出版社2017年3月出版),发现他对世界文学和文学历史有着令人惊异的熟悉,这让他拥有了广阔的文学视野,能够融汇中外,贯通古今,形成对文学独特而深刻的理解。在书中,他立足本土的文学经验,以中国传统的审美眼光审视和感受世界文学的创作,思索中国古典诗歌影响世界文学的线索和方式。他将中国古典诗歌所提供的平和静穆和独异的抒情传统,视作人类抵御现代社会焦虑的心灵护堤。在他看来,中西方诗人的共同努力使这一传统得到了丰富和强化。他以文学的方式仰望和追忆了这些优雅而伟大的灵魂,呈现了这一脉诗人带给他的喜悦与感动、温暖与震撼。这本书汇聚了汗漫多年的文学积累与生命感悟,他的敏感与渊博、放逸与通透,在这部书中一览无遗。
现代性的道路在为人类提供无限可能性的同时,也充满了不确定性。它带给人惊喜和向往,也让人困惑、焦虑和绝望。还好,在现代性无能为力的地方,那里有诗歌。汗漫认为,中国古典诗歌的优雅和宁静可以给现代社会躁动的生命以慰藉,缓释现代性带来的急切和不安、迷茫和绝望,在物质文化的困境中,给人以心灵的寄托。他认为中国古典诗歌如此的功能来源于其伟大的抒情传统,而这传统的源头,来自《诗经》。汗漫发现,不同于《伊利亚特》和《吉尔伽美什》等他族文学原典对于英雄和征伐的关注,《诗经》强调抒情,《诗经》开创了中国文学抒情的传统,赋予汉语写作以独特的品格,而庄子、陶渊明、谢灵运、李白、王维、李煜和苏轼等人继承并发扬了这样的传统,使中国成为一个抒情的国度。《诗经》所开创的抒情传统在精神上指引和化育了国人,影响了中国人的思维和气质。而《诗经》及其所开创的抒情传统,其辐射的范围不止在中国。在《一卷星辰》中,汗漫讨论了这一传统对于西方经典作家的深刻影响。他以中国本土的文化立场和审美眼光,解读了西方的文学创作,从印象派的庞德、勃莱,到蛰伏于商业社会中的“农民诗人”史蒂文斯和颇具隐士气质的斯奈德,再到自然主义者梭罗和怀特,汗漫在他们充满自我放逐倾向和田野气息的诗作中,感受到了其内心中的澄明与宁静,确认了中国古典诗歌的影响。这些西方诗人拒绝与自然的对立,推崇那些超越凡俗的清风禅意,通过诗歌使灵魂与万物生息与共。他们的作品是陶渊明、寒山和王维等人的思想在大洋彼岸的回响,是东西方的诗人们跨越时空的人性融通。
通过阅读《诗经》,汗漫还发现,在《诗经》中始终存在一个吟咏和兴发的“我”这一抒情主体。《诗经》中的诗歌普遍着重抒发作者自我的情绪和感受、觉悟和体验,而非着意客观记录他者的经历和功绩。对《诗经》的推崇让汗漫在其影响下形成了充满主体性、内在性的对文学的认知和感受方式。这让汗漫在《一卷星辰》中,没有像一个普通的文学研究者那样刻板而拘谨地根据社会历史状况或文本结构确认文学作品的价值,而是从个人经验出发,以鲜活的生命体验和真实的人生感悟,去触摸和碰撞那些凝聚在作品中的情感与思想,去倾听作家们内心的脆弱与感伤、疼痛与欢欣。《一卷星辰》中那些对文学大师的评价和对经典文本的点评,并不是着意在文本中提取新鲜创作经验或者独异个性的学院式研究,而是以文学为媒介的灵魂之间的真诚对话。
《一卷星辰》以仰望先贤的方式抚今追昔,通过书中多处对作者个人境遇的描摹和书写,可以想象诗人汗漫身处繁华而拥挤的都市,在现代而逼仄的写字间里远望天空的样子。他回望田野和过去、草木和飞鸟,在琐碎的时光里渴望光明,在对星空和草原的想象中寻觅遥远的诗意。这是汗漫,也是你我,在庸常的生活之中向外眺望。也许我们无从回避,无处逃遁,还好,还有诗歌。我们可以在文学的世界里,让灵魂得到舒展和飞翔。
(作者:张维阳)
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