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《新型农业经营主体发展指数调查(五期)报告》发布 经营发展良好 经济绩效较高

2017-09-13 04:41:24   中国经济网

调查结果显示,2015年新型农业经营主体销售净利润率的加权平均值分别为49%。较高的销售净利润率反映出新型农业经营主体相比其他农业类上市公司具有更强的获利能力。

4类新型农业经营主体中,销售净利润率从大到小依次为家庭农场、种养大户、农业产业化龙头企业、农民专业合作社,2015年4类主体销售净利润率加权平均值依次为53%、52%、42%与40%。这样的排序结果与新型农业主体的家庭参与经营程度和经营规模两个要素密切相关。家庭农场更多倾向于由家庭成员负责经营,其能够最大化发挥家庭经营优势,这一经营特点决定了其较强的盈利能力。

新型农业经营主体表现出的销售净利润率和资产报酬率排序并不是一成不变的,从时间维度来看,2014年至2015年龙头企业和农民专业合作社的销售净利润率分别增加7%和5%,家庭农场和种养大户的销售净利润率分别减少15%和3%。这说明龙头企业和农民专业合作社的发展潜力不容小觑。相对而言,农民专业合作社面临较高的组织成本,但随着组织化程度进一步提高,形成发展合力后,其盈利能力提高具有较大潜力。

4类新型农业经营主体中,资产报酬率从大到小依次是家庭农场、龙头企业、种养大户和农民专业合作社。根据调查结果,2015年家庭农场、龙头企业、种养大户、农民专业合作社的资产报酬率加权平均值依次为27%、24%、23%与21%。

金融服务能力待提升

新型农业经营主体贷款方式灵活多样,信贷获批率较高但贷款需求不足,贷款次数较少

新型农业生产经营体制的逐步建立,对农村金融服务的规模水平、体制机制的创新提出了新的要求,合作社、家庭农场等新型农业经营主体的金融服务亟待进一步提升。

调查结果显示,新型农业经营主体贷款方式灵活多样。各主体贷款方式具体有信用贷款、五户联保贷款、担保贷款、抵押贷款和质押贷款等。一般来说,其所在地区的金融环境较好,具有均衡性,地区差异不大。新型农业经营主体所在村获金融机构认定的比例较高,且与金融机构相距较近,这为新型农业经营主体获得金融支持与服务提供了便利。

从总体贷款比例来看,新型农业经营主体信贷获批率较高,但贷款需求稍显不足。

调查结果显示,在所调查的新型农业经营主体中,信贷获批率是39.4%,比农村家庭正常信贷获批率高约12%。这说明,新型农业经营主体因其市场化、规模化、集约化、专业化的特征在农业生产过程中能够比单个农户获得更多的正规贷款,在贷款方面的优势和作用表现得十分突出,也体现了国家对新型农业经营主体这类组织的重视。

相较而言,新型农业经营主体的贷款需求显得不足,贷款次数较少,新型农业经营主体自成立以来获得的贷款次数均值仅为1.36次/个。据中国银行业协会报告显示,截至2016年底,银行业金融机构涉农贷款余额26.4万亿元,同比增长11.7%,涉农新增贷款在全年新增贷款中占比为32.9%。但是,随着农业发展多元化,仅依靠传统银行加大贷款投放显然是不够的,需求成为亟需破解的难题。(经济日报社中国经济趋势研究院新型农业经营主体调研组)

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