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【落实省第十三次党代会精神 迎接党的十九大胜利召开】探索戈壁农业发展的新途径

2017-09-08 05:21:44   中国青年网

张俊宗

戈壁农业是在当前我省水土资源与环境硬约束条件下主动适应经济发展新常态,转变农业生产方式过程中探索出的新型农业发展业态。要积极落实中央有关政策和省委省政府的部署,把探索戈壁农业作为我省发展现代农业的重要抓手,努力把河西走廊打造成西北乃至中亚、西亚、中东欧的“菜篮子”生产供应基地,实现农业生产方式的革命性变革。

一、大力发展戈壁农业的意义

有利于实现国家农业发展战略转型。当前,我国在水土资源紧约束条件下,农业投入逐年上涨,过度刺激农业生产的环境负效应日益凸显,化肥、农药和农膜过量使用等已经严重威胁我国农业的可持续发展。保护生态环境、促进农业可持续发展已经成为迫切需要解决的问题。大力发展戈壁农业既是贯彻中央转变农业发展方式精神的重要途径,也是破解西北地区生态环境保护压力的重大举措。

有利于促进现代农业和经济健康持续发展。首先,甘肃地处内陆,既不沿边、也不沿海,“一带一路”战略构想的提出,为甘肃更好发挥通道优势、面向更大范围开拓市场提供了机遇。其次,随着现代农业科技的发展,大力推广戈壁农业,向戈壁滩要地,把戈壁滩变良田成为现实。第三,在全省经济发展面临下行压力的情况下,发展戈壁农业既是转变发展方式的需要,也是促进经济持续健康发展的重要突破口。

有利于筑牢河西走廊生态安全屏障。河西走廊境内有1亿多亩戈壁、1.8亿亩沙地、480万亩盐碱地,“风吹石头跑,地上不长草”是河西走廊的真实写照。树立绿色农业理念,依靠丰富的光热资源、广阔的戈壁沙滩,大力发展戈壁农业,从根本上解决河西乃至西北地区生态脆弱和资源紧硬约束的现状。

二、戈壁农业的特点

戈壁农业是本世纪初以来在非耕地设施农业生产实践中应运而生的,其核心内容是利用有机质栽培技术,在非耕地发展设施种植业。除此之外,还可以在非耕闲置土地上发展现代养殖业。因此,戈壁农业是在戈壁滩、砂石地、盐碱地、沙化地、滩涂地等不适宜耕作的闲置国土上,运用现代设施农业集成生产技术,发展以有机质无土栽培、隔离条件下特色养殖为主的新型农业发展业态,它具有以下特点:

节约水土资源。戈壁农业用基质代替土壤,解决了在盐碱地、戈壁滩、荒漠地等非耕地上进行生产缺土的问题,同时减少了农药、化肥施用量,比普通大棚节肥30%、节药67%以上。配套膜下滴灌及微喷灌,用水量仅为大田用水量的一半,大幅度地提高土地资源、水资源、光热资源利用率和劳动生产率。

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