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预计到2030年 人工智能将为世界经济贡献15.7万亿美元

2017-09-01 07:36:31   中国经济网

但对事实的夸大报道,也显示出媒体和公众对人工智能的忧虑。在北京市中盾律师事务所律师陈涛看来,随着人工智能深入融入生产和生活,必须以立法来对其安全性进行监管,给公众吃下“定心丸”。互联网汽车的特斯拉埃隆·马斯克也表示,我们应该警惕人工智能崛起的潜在风险,并建立监管机构来引导这项强大技术的发展。

对人工智能进行立法监管,首先要解决人工智能使用中基本的安全问题,以及使用者与服务提供者的责任界定问题。以无人驾驶汽车为例,上路前,对其安全性如何全面评判?一旦无人驾驶汽车出现事故,如何判断使用者、软件提供商以及车辆制造商等多方主体的责任,如何在后续赔偿和保险理赔中进行规定?实际上,立法监管不仅降低风险,也让服务企业能够“有据可依”,从而促进和保障人工智能的健康发展。

从目前来看,各个国家的人工智能监管都刚刚被提上日程。在美国,2016年10月,总统行政办公室和国家科技委员会发布了两份重量级报告:《美国国家人工智能研究发展战略规划》与《为未来的人工智能做好准备》,后者提出了发展人工智能的7项关键战略,在第三条“社会影响战略”中,提出“理解和确定人工智能在法律、伦理和社会领域中的影响”;在第四条“安全战略”中,则提出“确保人工智能系统的安全和对公众的隐私保护”。

在欧盟,2016年欧盟法律事务委员会向欧盟提交了《欧盟机器人民事法律规则》,针对基于人工智能控制的机器人,提出了使用的责任规则、伦理原则、对人类自身和财产的伤害赔偿等监管原则。英国下议院科学技术委员会在今年4月表示,也将开展关于人工智能监管的研究。

在我国,《规划》中同样提出,到2020年,“部分领域的人工智能伦理规范和政策法规初步建立”。其中特别提出,要“开展与人工智能应用相关的民事与刑事责任确认、隐私和产权保护、信息安全利用等法律问题研究,建立追溯和问责制度,明确人工智能法律主体以及相关权利、义务和责任等”,“重点围绕自动驾驶、服务机器人等应用基础较好的细分领域,加快研究制定相关安全管理法规,为新技术的快速应用奠定法律基础”。

不过,对人工智能的监管也不能“闭门造车”。“立法的前提是了解人工智能的科学规律,需要充分准备、摸索和积累,对技术进步充分了解,同时考虑公众的实际需求。”陈涛表示。

安全仍有漏洞

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