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[中国梦实践者]朱有勇院士:科研成果在田间地头开花结果

2017-08-30 07:55:39   中国经济网

追溯人类农业历史,依赖化学农药控制病虫害不足百年。那么,在农药应用之前,人们又是利用什么来控制病虫害的呢?当时,各国科学家开出的“药方”大体一致,即培育出更多抗病虫害的新品种。针对这一世界性难题,回国后的朱有勇另辟蹊径,首次提出利用农业生物多样性控制病虫害。

“物种之间都是相克相生的。”朱有勇认为,就像意气相投的人相处起来更加愉快那样,植物也是有“脾气”的。例如,他研究发现如果玉米和甘蔗种植在一起,那就可以不用防虫,因为二者的作物基因相克相生,只要时间差掌握好,那就可以坐等丰收。

道理听起来简单,朱有勇发现并将其验证却着实费了一番功夫。有一次出差途经云南石屏县,路边田野里的奇异现象引起了他的注意:有些稻田出现了“稻瘟”,但另一些间栽了高矮不同两种水稻的田里,“稻瘟”却并不严重。受此启发,朱有勇把实验田分小区实验,按照不同的间栽方式、间栽组合种植,寻找科学理论依据。

“破釜沉舟,百二秦关终属楚。”从田间小区试验到万亩放大试验,经过10年近千次的试验,朱有勇最终确证了作物多样性时空优化配置是有效控制病害的新途径,该技术能将稻瘟病的发病率平均控制在5%以下,减少农药施用量60%以上,亩增产优质稻42公斤至74公斤。2000年,这项重大科研成果以封面文章刊登在了国际权威期刊《自然》上,并引起全球关注。

如今,这一发现已在国内外3亿多亩土地上推广运用,朱有勇也将其研究对象从水稻扩展至玉米、葡萄等。他说:“我从小在农村长大,对农民和农村有着天然情结,他们需要什么我就应该去研究什么。”

  走出“象牙塔”,成果惠大众

朱有勇出名了,很多单位、公司慕名而来高薪聘请,甚至开出上千万元的价格买断相关成果,朱有勇一一回绝了。在他眼里,知识分子应该走出“象牙塔”,让更多科研成果惠及大众。

愿望很美好,实践起来却非一帆风顺。两年前,听说朱有勇要在蒿枝坝种全国最早上市的冬季马铃薯,蒿枝坝村村民李扎袜摇摇头:“冬季种洋芋?不可能!”

不只李扎袜不信,整个蒿枝坝没一个人看好。“以前村里从未种过,卖给谁?”朱有勇听后笑了笑说:“雨少天暖,这里种植冬早马铃薯再适合不过。”可磨破嘴皮也无人响应,朱有勇决定带着新研发的马铃薯品种亲自上阵“示范”。

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