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袁钧瑛:美国科学院院士的科研路

2017-08-28 03:16:44   中国青年网

袁钧瑛,1958年出生于上海,是今年美国科学院当选的院士中唯一出生于中国大陆的科学家。她是世界细胞凋亡研究领域的开拓者之一,也是世界上第一个细胞凋亡基因的发现者。

初到纽约生活难

当袁钧英第一次从空中俯瞰纽约哈德逊湾时,纽约以及后来毁于“9·11”事件的双子塔,这些和她后来研究了30多年的细胞一样,都是陌生而神秘的。那是1982年的5月。

尽管哈佛大学还在放假,但袁钧瑛的博士生导师保罗·帕德森教授仍亲自去波士顿车站接她,并开车将她送到宿舍,还给她买了一盘盛着香蕉、苹果的水果盘和一份蔬菜沙拉作午餐。她就靠那一盘水果撑了3天。

比蔬菜沙拉的挑战要严峻得多的,是美国博士生的课程。在研究原创性文献的过程中,袁钧瑛注意到,此前的学者只是观察到了细胞死亡,但并没有人研究细胞死亡本身是怎么发生的?为什么在疾病中有的应该死亡的细胞没有死亡,而有的不应该死亡的细胞却死亡了?这促使袁钧瑛把“细胞死亡的机理”作为科研主攻方向。

八年哈佛教授路

在哈佛没有找到理想实验室的袁钧瑛来到了麻省理工学院鲍勃·霍维茨教授的实验室,跟着他进入了细胞死亡研究领域。在哈佛和麻省理工这两所世界一流的大学里,她得到了最严格的科学训练。在鲍勃领导的实验室中,袁钧瑛发现了线虫细胞的死亡基因,这是在所有的生物中发现的第一个控制细胞死亡的基因。

1989年,袁钧瑛哈佛博士毕业后,正巧麻省总医院要建一个心脏研究中心,他们听说袁钧瑛有志于人的细胞凋亡机理的研究,于是聘请她成立一个实验室。

3年后,袁钧瑛领导的实验室就发表了两篇重要的研究论文,其中一篇是《线虫的细胞死亡同源基因在调控哺乳动物细胞凋亡中的作用》。这一研究成果也引起了诺贝尔奖基金委员会的关注。当时,年仅35岁的她应邀去诺贝尔基金委员会的论坛作学术报告。

1996年,她成为哈佛医学院的副教授。2000年升为哈佛大学医学院的终身教授。仅仅8年,袁钧瑛就从一名助理教授升为终身教职的正教授,并且成了哈佛医学院第一位亚裔的女性正教授。

奉献祖国促学术

2012年,袁钧瑛接受中组部邀请,领衔组建了中国科学院生物与化学交叉研究中心并出任中心主任。“我希望能把我们当初哈佛神经生物系的学习研究氛围带到这里来,让这些从世界上顶级实验室来的年轻人能思维碰撞,激发出发明的火花。”她说。

“如果要让我重新选择一遍学术生涯,我还是会选择研究生物医学。因为做生物医学领域的科学家实在太有趣了:你要发现一个别人没有发现过的有趣的问题,然后自己来寻找最合理的答案。就像大自然在森林里为人类预设了很多谜语,你先要在森林里找到谜语,然后再全力以赴地寻求谜底。当你历尽千辛万苦走出森林时,谜底就在前方闪耀,而这个谜底可以帮助到世界不同国家和地区的所有人。”袁钧瑛说。

(据上海《文汇报》)

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