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货币基金成银行流动性管理新宠

2017-08-30 06:55:35   中国经济网

天风证券首席分析师孙彬彬认为,银行资金投资货币基金可总结为两种模式:一是定制模式,这种模式下几乎全部为机构投资者,投资者数量很少;二是投资于具有大量散户基础的货币基金,机构与散户并存。这一轮货币基金规模扩张,虽然银行资金是重要推动力,但散户的贡献也不容忽视。

银行为什么看上货币基金呢?孙彬彬认为,货币基金是银行同业套利的重要一环。商业银行通过发行同业存单获得自营资金,直接投资或以同业理财的形式投资于货币基金,再由货币基金间接投资高收益的同业存单。与自营和理财直接配置同业存单相比,投资货币基金具有两方面优势:一是能规避企业所得税,提高收益率。投资货币基金在基金层面和投资者层面均无需缴纳企业所得税,但投资同业存单的收益需计入应纳税所得额。二是货币基金流动性、安全和收益兼顾的特点符合银行流动性管理要求。商业银行可在季度初申购并在季度末赎回,可按面值赎回,流动性、安全和收益兼顾,恰好满足商业银行的流动性管理需求。

“从个人投资者角度看,发行货币基金的基金公司通过与互联网公司合作设计的互联网宝宝类产品,可实现支付、零钱理财、电商购物、信用卡还款等多种功能,在权益类市场和债券市场近期收益表现不稳的情况下,较受广大年轻投资者青睐,这也是近期货币基金规模大增的重要原因。”金牛理财网分析师宫曼琳说。

预防潜在流动性风险

8月份以来,随着货币基金整体规模快速扩大、方正富邦鑫利宝货币基金清盘、天弘余额宝基金下调最高持有额度至10万元等消息不断,市场重视流动性的声音越发高涨。

今年3月份发布的《公开募集开放式证券投资基金流动性风险管理规定(征求意见稿)》已在多方面对货币基金管理提出了新要求,货币基金规模膨胀会受到一定限制。该《征求意见稿》将货币基金规模与其风险准备金挂钩,确保管理规模与风险管理能力及风险覆盖水平相匹配,控制个体风险传染;实施产品分类监管,区分机构类和零售类货币基金,对新设的机构类货币市场基金,禁止采用摊余成本法估值核算;对货币市场基金设定比普通公募基金更为严格的流动性指标限制。

业内人士表示,这一规定通过区分机构类货币基金和零售类货币基金,对两者投资资产、久期等流动性区别对待,限制货币基金规模无序扩张,对规范货币基金运作和流动性管理更加切合当前市场实际。

但也有人认为,预防货币基金潜在的流动性风险还需再“加码”。格上研究中心研究员杨晓晴表示,货基规模不断扩张,带来了潜在流动性风险,这已引起监管层高度重视,已出台的公募基金相关流动性管理文件需要考虑更多新的变化。可以预见,未来货币基金的投资将步入重流动性轻收益阶段,现金管理将是其首要目标。(经济日报·中国经济网记者 周 琳)

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