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去年生鲜电商市场融资总额达近60亿 行业格局逐渐清晰

2017-08-29 09:43:33   中国经济网

天猫快速消费品事业组负责人靖捷正在演讲,台下天猫超市运营总监邵雄在天猫超市下了一单,正好30分钟,快递抵达会场,靖捷仍在台上。

这就是天猫超市借助安鲜达供应网络推出的最新配送服务“一小时达”。据靖捷介绍,北京目前已有36个支持这一服务的细分区域,接下来则会扩张到数百个区域。

线上生鲜的即时性消费,即用户下单后迅速收到货品的购物体验,是阿里、京东为行业带来的重要改变之一。“过去B2C电商,配送至少需要3个小时,这对买菜做饭的消费者来讲时间太长,生鲜电商需要作出改变。所以,盒马提出了30分钟配送到家。”盒马鲜生创始人侯毅表示,想要达到这个目标,生鲜电商就要将仓储移向前端,要么通过更多小的前置仓,要么利用线下门店和便利店。易果生鲜资深运营总监刘征告诉记者,和时间赛跑的背后,是该公司在北京核心商圈建设仓库,或者与便利店合作,这样在3公里的范围内就能实现“一小时达”。

在阿里系之外,每日优鲜则使用“城市分选中心+社区前置仓”的仓储体系,同样根据订单密度在商圈和社区设立前置仓,覆盖半径3公里的范围,以确保2小时内把生鲜产品送到客户手上。每日优鲜创始人徐正表示,这一模式不仅可以解决生鲜损耗的问题,还可以分摊单个客单的物流成本。

京东也在今年的大闸蟹配送上尝试使用前置仓的模式,京东将此称为“销地仓”,京东充分利用互联网大数据平台支撑,以地域、时间等维度实行精准销售预测,通过优化电商物流供应链条,提前将商品运送至销售地的仓库暂存,用户下单后,将直接从“销地仓”发货,通过缩短送货距离提升时效。

仍然需要资本支持

如今,生鲜配送的竞争力在于建立更高的配送标准和规则。靖捷以西瓜配送举例,现在的配送水平完全可以保证消费者收到冰镇西瓜。

提升生鲜配送能力的另一关键则是将商品的拣选和二次加工直接在产地完成。以大闸蟹配送为例,京东的协同仓就是这种模式。在入库区、生产区、抽检区以及冷链中转区,每个区域都设立了专用空调保持温度恒定,仓储、分拣将在协同仓内同步操作,从源头把控商品品质。

配送水平的提升虽然能够带来口碑和效率,但也意味着更高的成本。刘征坦言,毛利能不能覆盖物流成本,还是要取决于订单密度,目前解决方案暂时仍然需要依赖强大资本的支持。

“直达产地需要规模效应,自建冷链仓储物流投入成本高,提升品控意味着更多人力投入,这些只有实力雄厚的玩家才能实现。”曹磊表示。

在另一个层面,互联网巨头企业手中的数据资源也将成为生鲜物流配送水平提升的又一助力。靖捷说:“在生鲜配送上,也有个性化的问题,现在北京和上海的居民,他们看到的商品信息就是截然不同的,对仓储的预估、对前置仓配货的选择,都有数据和算法的支持,阿里巴巴在产品技术上的沉淀,同样将为物流配送赋能。”

(原文来源:经济日报 作者:安 之)

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