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防范“灰犀牛”式风险的攻坚战:出清“僵尸企业”

2017-08-29 09:01:28   中国经济网

聂辉华介绍,自己在与某央企沟通时,对方曾介绍自己在地方有个子公司,由于亏损希望关闭,但遭到了地方政府的反对。“地方政府不同意,你要是关,你必须保证没有人下岗。企业说,‘不行,我要完成我的任务,中央要考核我,我要压缩企业层级,我必须关掉。你如果不同意,我就强行破产。’对方说,‘你要敢破产,我就跟地方法院打电话,让它不接你的破产诉状。’”

贺小荣介绍,在处置“僵尸企业”的多种方式中,破产机制与法治化、市场化要求完全相符。

李曙光认为,短期政策应对,还是应坚持以市场化手段为主、以行政化手段为辅的原则,以利于后期改革对接。一是应严格按照破产法来对“僵尸企业”实施市场退出,二是处理好“僵尸企业”失业人员安置问题,三是要挖掘一批专家担当专业的管理人,四是要改变债权人债务人行为方式使其真正自负其责,五是并购重组与破产清算相结合。

如何化解地方阻力?专家建议:成立中央企业托管局,提高数据透明度

“‘僵尸企业’造成的负担太重,已经重到拖不动,要把这个包袱丢掉。”李锦告诉《中国经济周刊》记者。但是如何出清“僵尸企业”?李锦说,“清退僵尸”企业可以总结为五大路径:一是关停并转,用产权转让、关闭破产方式加快清理退出;二是剥离出来,重组合并,重新配置资源;三是用“腾笼换鸟”的思路去换产品、换技术,换新的运营方式,提供有效供给;四是扩大出口,开辟新的市场,从需求端加快去产能;五是加快产能输出,在供给端消化产能。

聂辉华则提出了一个大胆的建议,成立中央企业托管局,将“僵尸企业”从地方剥离。

“去产能和处置‘僵尸企业’的最大阻力来自地方政府,因为地方政府要承担企业破产带来的社会成本,尤其是下岗分流成本。解决地方政府后顾之忧的唯一办法,就是将‘僵尸企业’与地方政府剥离,成立中央企业托管局,负责处置‘僵尸企业’和特困企业。”聂辉华向记者分析说。

他指出,这方面,存在成功的国际经验和国内经验。两德统一之后,东德的大量国有企业陷入经营困难,其中相当部分成为“僵尸企业”。1990年6月,德国通过托管法,成立了企业托管局。托管局是独立于联邦政府的企业法人,具备财政预算范围内的国内外融资功能,既是一个受政府委托经营国有资产的机构,又是一个经营性投融资平台。托管局总部设在柏林,并在前东德老工业区设立了15个分局和若干子公司负责中小企业的改制重组。

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