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防范“灰犀牛”式风险的攻坚战:出清“僵尸企业”

2017-08-29 09:01:28   中国经济网

而在赛维陷入困境时,以国家开发银行为首的7大银行、信托等金融机构成为最主要的债权人。

当时,地方政府甚至用财政资金为其偿还部分债务。据媒体报道,2012年7月,新余市人大常委会召开第七次会议,会议审议通过了市人民政府关于将江西赛维LDK公司向华融国际信托有限责任公司偿还信托贷款的缺口资金纳入同期年度财政预算的议案。

在光伏产业最困难的时期,赛维在南昌公司已经发不出工资,工人上访,南昌市政府只好拨款代为垫付工人工资。

而自赛维陷入危机以来,公司所在地政府所采取的一系列帮扶和救济措施也在社会上引发了广泛的争议乃至质疑:政府究竟应不应该拯救一家民营企业?

“其实情况不好的时候,它作为上市公司早就应该破产。无锡尚德当时破产了,问题得到了解决。”聂辉华说,“现在破产,债务问题怎么办?员工问题怎么办?当时有十几家银行牵扯进去了,这笔钱基本都打了水漂,浪费了巨大的金融资源,对当地形成了很大的拖累,这样的环境可能会对其他企业对当地的投资带来影响,因为银行怕企业还不起钱。”

处置“僵尸企业”事关防范“灰犀牛”式风险

“僵尸企业”背负着包括银行贷款、债券等在内的大量金融债务,会不会成为那头“灰犀牛”?

事实上,国企的债务风险已经在暴露,如中钢债券违约,地方国企东北特钢也陷入债券连环违约的困局,而违约的出现也在加速“僵尸企业”的市场化出清。

“现在企业债务存量不能忽视,企业负债率占GDP的150%至165%之间 。”摩根大通首席经济学家朱海斌对《中国经济周刊》记者分析说,若拿5%的平均借贷利率,则每年的付息成本要占GDP的8%,规模非常大。若不解决好存量问题,仅利息融资部分,就会占新增社会融资规模总额60%左右,仅有40%左右是可以用来支持GDP增长。“这也是为什么我们看到,近些年信贷增速也不低,但是对经济传导效率不高。其中很大一部分是被存量利息支付抵销了。”

“‘僵尸企业’危害极大,如果不及时清出,就可能会扰乱行业调结构、去产能、降亏损的国家行动。”南京大学教授、长江学者刘志彪对《中国经济周刊》记者说,“‘僵尸企业’的危害主要表现在4个方面,一是占用了大量的资金、土地等宝贵的发展资源,却不产生经济效益;二是使经济体系继续沉淀资源,是国民经济粗放发展、效率低下的根本原因;三是有可能引起系统性、大面积金融危机;四是如果‘僵尸企业’不死,行业内的优秀企业就得不到足够的市场份额和市场空间。”

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