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倾情呵护可可西里这片净土

2017-08-24 03:16:10   中国经济网

三江源国家公园管理局副局长王湘国说,在近3年的申遗过程中,三江源国家公园管理局、青海省申遗办以及各级地方政府联合努力,积极主动做好可可西里遗产提名地保护巡查、制度建设、保护站建设、保护队伍建设及社区参与、资源调查后勤保障等申遗工作,“我们严格按照世界遗产公约操作指南,全力保障申遗各项工作顺利推进,最终摘取了这一金字塔尖的荣誉。”

2017年上半年,IUCN对青海可可西里申报世界自然遗产项目出具了专家技术评估报告,对这片神秘的土地在自然景观和生物多样性方面突出的普遍价值和世界自然遗产完整性、保护、管理要求,给出了极高评价。评估报告认为,青海可可西里提名遗产地是世界上最大、最年轻的高原的一部分,拥有非凡的自然美景,其美丽超出人类想象,在所有方面都让人叹为观止。这份评估报告成为世界遗产委员会大会表决的技术支撑和重要依据。

这曾是带着血泪的艰苦保护之路

可可西里自然环境独特,是高寒荒漠生态系统和高原湿地生态有机结合的区域,保持着完整的原始生态系统。20世纪90年代初期,可可西里遭到一场空前的劫难。一切都要从一条充满罪恶的沙图什披肩说起。

沙图什的发音来自于波斯语,意为“羊绒之王”。用藏羚羊绒织成的沙图什披肩十分轻巧,重量仅百克左右,可以穿过戒指,所以又叫“指环披肩”。20世纪80年代末,沙图什披肩被非法走私及出售到欧美一些国家,价格极其昂贵,一条可以卖到数万美元。

巨大的利益给藏羚羊带来了灭顶之灾,偷猎者对藏羚羊进行了疯狂的杀戮。这种灭绝性的猎杀使藏羚羊的数量剧减到不足2万只,几近灭绝。

为了保护藏羚羊,人们与盗猎分子展开了艰苦卓绝的斗争。1991年,玉树州在可可西里毗邻的曲麻莱县和治多县成立西部工作委员会,正式全面启动可可西里野生动物保护工作。治多县常务副县长、长江源(可可西里)园区治多管理处专职副主任才仁闹布回忆,1994年,时任治多县委副书记兼西部工委书记的杰桑·索南达杰在一次与盗猎分子的斗争中献出了宝贵的生命,年仅40岁。

“索南达杰”成了可可西里环保卫士的榜样和代名词。在昆仑山口、在治多县城……不少的地方都可以看到索南达杰的塑像,还有以索南达杰命名的保护站、生态保护小分队等。因为有了越来越多的索南达杰式的“环保卫士”,可可西里不再是偷猎者想来就来、想走就走的自由区。

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