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我国种业市场规模从400多亿元成长到700多亿元

2017-08-22 06:55:32   中国经济网

随着突破性优良新品种不断涌现,国内种企的“失地”正在收复。“国产品种主导地位进一步巩固,国外品种市场份额呈下降趋势,水稻、小麦、大豆、油菜全部为自主选育品种,转基因抗虫棉品种国产化率达95%以上,蔬菜自主选育品种占87%以上,玉米自主选育品种占85%以上,一批自主研发的突破性苗头品种增长势头强劲。”农业部种子局局长张延秋说。

 科研之变——

  打破转化“肠梗阻”

科研成果的商业化离不开种子企业,种子企业推广新品种和新技术更离不开科研人员。此前,我国80%的种业科技人员集中在科研单位,而80%的种子企业缺乏自主创新能力,这种局面亟待扭转。让科研人员“为企业育种、到企业育种”是扭转这一局面的突破口。

2014年底,农业部、科技部、财政部联合下发文件,确定中国农科院作物所、水稻所、蔬菜花卉所以及中国农业大学玉米改良中心4个科研单位,开展种业科研成果机构与科研人员权益比例试点工作。权益改革对科研人员在成果中所占的比例划出了最低线:新品种权的权益比例不低于40%,育种材料的比例不低于60%,大大高于当时《促进科技成果转化法》不低于20%的规定。

今年,试点单位已由最初的4家扩大到全国的122家。尽管如今已习惯了高额转让费,但回忆起第一年试点的情形时,中国农科院作物所高级农艺师王德森依然难掩激动。2015年,他所在课题组培育的“中麦875”和“鄂麦170”两个品种获得转让费121万元,按照试点原则,其中60%直接分配到个人。王德森作为参与者之一,所得收益占这60%中的5%,到手3.6万元——转让费比往年翻了一番。

中国种子协会副会长李立秋表示,我国有400多家科研单位的1.6万名科研人员在从事种业研究,育种人员数量居世界第一;长期保存农作物种质资源43万份,审定主要农作物品种2万多个,基础研究不可谓不强,但种业产业却不强,关键就在产学研脱节。通过改革,不再是教授带着一帮学生的课题组制,让商业化育种解决了科研和产业“两张皮”的问题,实现了育种由项目导向转变为市场导向。

湖南农业大学教授唐文帮如今还是湖南希望种业的育种总监。从2013年开始,湖南农业大学和希望种业签订了校企合作协议,公司每年给学校38万元技术合作经费,其中18万元由唐文帮作为课题发展基金。他在完成教学任务之外,进行品种选育等研发工作。对于研发成果,独家经营权归希望种业,销售每公斤种子提成0.6元给学校作为品种权费。

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