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破产审判助力“僵尸企业”处置

2017-08-04 12:41:03   中国经济网

  专业化解破产案件启动难问题

长期以来,破产案件的立案、审理仍然存在不少阻碍和困难。据不完全统计,全国每年经工商部门注销的企业达百万量级,但全国法院每年受理的破产案件仅几千件。破产案件启动难是比较突出的问题。

对此,最高法院大力推进以破产审判庭设立为载体的破产专业化建设,完善破产立案制度,从而奠定建立市场化、常态化、法治化市场主体救治和退出机制的基础。据统计,截至今年上半年,全国法院的清算与破产审判庭已从2015年初的5家增至90家。

破产审判组织专业化的提升,大大促进了人民法院依法处置“僵尸企业”的质量与效率。如广州中院清算与破产审判庭自去年底成立以来,与省、市国资委进行多次对接,全面摸查“僵尸企业”基本情况,截至目前,已经推动164家省、市属国有“僵尸企业”进行立案审查,其中104家“僵尸企业”已经进入法律程序。

运用大数据、云计算等现代信息技术是破产审判实践一大亮点。目前,全国企业破产重整案件信息平台已开通运行1年,实现了破产案件一站式的网上业务协同服务,通过对债务人信息的公开,吸引更多投资人,促进困境企业重整再生。该平台由全国企业破产重整案件信息网、企业破产案件法官工作平台、破产管理人工作平台三部分组成。

信息化为破产审判带来了极大便利。例如,全国企业破产重整案件信息网上专门设置了破产案件网上预约立案系统,充分保障当事人申请权利,增强破产立案的公开透明度。网络债权人会议有效解决了破产程序中债权人数量庞大情况下会议召开难的问题,有效节约了破产程序费用,加速了破产案件审理进程。

  防止重整制度成“僵尸企业”逃避清理护身符

强调破产拯救功能是现代破产法的重要标志。通过对具有挽救价值的困境企业依法重整,可以保留企业经营价值,尽快恢复企业生产经营,避免职工下岗失业,防范维稳事件发生。

近年来,运用破产重整制度挽救危困企业在司法实践中得以突出表现。云南煤化工集团有限公司及其下属四家企业系列破产案件是一个典型案例。通过重整程序,集团债务危机得以有效化解,集团650亿元负债中约500多亿元得到实际清偿,摆脱了沉重的债务负担。更重要的是,该集团还实现了产业结构调整,有效去除过剩产能,集团旗下关闭煤矿18家,清理357万吨/年的过剩煤炭产能,为企业后续健康发展奠定了基础。

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