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如何依法分类处理信访诉求?国家信访局立“规矩”

2017-08-04 12:40:11   中国青年网

做好信访与司法衔接,确保群众诉求不落入“真空”地带

记者:可以通过诉讼解决的信访诉求,行政机关是否一概不予受理?依法分类处理中如果出现把矛盾向司法机关一推了之的情况怎么办?如何完善信访与司法之间的衔接,使信访群众不会在过程中掉入真空地带?

张恩玺:对于属于行政机关职责范围,同时也可以通过诉讼解决的信访诉求,行政机关不能一概不予受理。行政机关对信访诉求是否受理,判断标准是其是否具有相应法定职责。《规则》第六条第二款规定,对信访人提出的诉求,同时可以通过诉讼解决的,行政机关在受理前可以告知诉讼权利及法定时效,引导其向人民法院提起诉讼,但不得以信访人享有诉讼权利为由免除履行自身法定职责的义务。按照这一规定,对于可以通过诉讼解决,也可以通过行政程序解决的问题,选择何种途径,当事人具有选择权。即使信访人提出的诉求是可以通过诉讼解决的,只要属于行政机关的法定职责范围,信访人找到行政机关,行政机关就要依法履行职责。比如,信访人因邻居建筑物影响其采光,认为不符合日照采光要求,属于违规高层建筑,要求有关机关查处。行政机关在受理前可以引导信访人向人民法院提起民事诉讼,但如果查处违规建筑属于该机关的法定职责,就不能以此为由不予受理、不履行相应职责。

一旦出现行政机关不履职的情况,信访人可以依据《行政诉讼法》向人民法院提起诉讼;同时,专门信访工作机构也可以根据《规则》进行督办并提出改进工作的建议。

为了做好信访与司法衔接,确保群众的诉求不会掉入真空地带,《规则》做了整体设计。一是明确对于已经、正在或者依法应当通过诉讼、仲裁、行政复议解决的诉求不适用分类处理。按照中央关于信访与诉讼分离的相关文件要求,这些诉求会由司法机关依法处理。二是对可以通过诉讼、仲裁、行政复议解决的信访诉求先纳入再甄别。按照《规则》第六条第二款规定,只要属于行政机关法定职责范围的事项,信访人向行政机关提出,行政机关都要依法处理,不得以信访人享有诉讼权利为由免除履行自身法定职责的义务。这些规定是衔接、周延的,确保了信访群众的诉求有人接、有人办,不会出现真空地带。

信访部门不是“收发室”,信访干部不是“旁观者”

记者:实行分类处理后,信访部门是不是无形中变成了“收发室”,信访干部成了“旁观者”,如何看待信访部门在这项工作中的作用?

张恩玺:实行分类处理后,信访部门并不是无事可做。信访部门还要在5个方面发挥作用:一是依法分类处理的入口在信访部门,对群众提出的信访诉求,信访部门要做好登记、甄别,在规定期限内转送到有权处理机关处理。二是分流导入需要落实。对诉求解决途径明确的,党委政府专门信访工作机构可以提出分类处理的建议;职能部门信访工作机构要负责与诉求的具体办理部门会商确定适用的法定途径,实现准确分流。三是分类处理不是一分了之,对涉及多个诉求、多个途径、多个部门的疑难复杂信访诉求要负责协调,提出解决方案和责任分工。四是对应当受理而未受理、错误适用法定途径、未在规定期限内处理等情形,信访部门要负责督办,提出改进工作的建议。五是对无法导入到其他法定途径或者按依法履职处理的,信访部门要负责兜底解决,比如历史遗留问题、法律法规尚没有明确规定的问题、政策调整产生的问题等,这些都是难啃的“硬骨头”。这些工作没有一定的法律专业素养和群众工作水平是做不好的。因此,实行分类处理后,信访部门并不是无事可做,而是任务更重了。

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