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破除混合所有制改革的八个误区

2017-08-04 07:04:33   中国经济网

误区三

扩展到“全部国资国企改革”

有些人在谈及新时期国有企业改革时,认为国有企业改革就是国企混合所有制改革。其实,国企混合所有制改革并不是国有企业改革的全部,不能认为只有推进混合所有制改革才是深化国有企业改革,不能将国企混合所有制改革等同于全部国资国企改革,也不能因混合所有制改革推进的“获得感”不明显,就否认整个国有企业改革的进展。

党的十八届三中全会对新时期全面深化国有企业改革进行的战略部署已经明确,新时期全面深化国有企业改革的重大任务,包括国有企业功能定位和国有经济战略性重组、推进混合所有制改革、建立以管资本为主的国有资本管理体制以及进一步完善现代企业制度等方面。可见,国有企业混合所有制改革可以归结为完善国有企业的产权微观结构,而整个国有企业改革涉及国有经济结构调整、国有资产宏观管理体制构建以及国有企业公司治理结构完善等各个方面,这需要整体协同推进,任何方面的“单兵突进”,都不会取得令人满意的改革效果。

误区四

忽视“分类分层”前提

当前,有人常常笼统地谈国有企业混合所有制改革,忽视新时期国有企业改革推进的“分类分层”前提,这也是一种误区。

需要看到,新时期国有企业改革是以国企功能分类为前提的。根据《关于深化国有企业改革的指导意见》,国有企业可以分为公益类、主业处于充分竞争行业和领域的商业类,以及主业处于关系国家安全、国民经济命脉的重要行业和关键领域、主要承担重大专项任务的商业类国有企业。不同类型的国有企业,将会有不同的国资监管机制,混合所有制股权结构中的国有持股比例要求不同,企业治理机制也有差异。一个国有企业是否进行混合所有制改革,混合所有制改革中的国有股份比例多少,混合所有制改革进程节奏的快慢,这些问题都要以企业功能定位和类型确定为前提。

不仅如此,对于中央企业、地方企业、集团公司以及不同层级的子公司来说,其是否实行混合所有制改革以及混合所有制改革的方案都不应该相同,所以混合所有制改革还要先行分层。可见,“分类分层”是推进混合所有制改革的必要条件和前提。

误区五

忽视法律制度建设前提

有些人对混合所有制改革的“耐心”不够,提出要加快推进、全面推开,这就忽视了推进混合所有制改革需一个从试点先行到全面推进的过程、一个法律制度建设稳步推进的过程,改革全面推进应以相关法律法规建设和完善为前提。

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