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共享单车损毁严重:将制造30万吨废金属 等同5艘航母

2017-07-10 16:17:38   新华每日电讯

四、单车回收的痛点

与未到报废期的共享单车不同,属于国有资产的城市公共自行车系统多数已运营超过7年,回收是已经出现的难题。

多位再生资源业内人士表示,许多正规回收企业并未系统做过自行车的回收项目。

杭州是国内再生资源企业聚集的地方。据业内人士介绍,再生金属资源的企业也主要集中在南方。南方周末随机致电了5家位于杭州市拥有国资背景的资源再生公司,均表示未接收过数目较大的自行车回收。

“我们会回收社区报废的自行车,量不大。目前还没收到共享单车的单子,如果有,我们会收,但价格确实不高。”新世纪再生资源开发有限公司工作人员告诉南方周末。

吴国雄也称杭州公共自行车2016年招标回收报废零部件时,经过两次招标都未能达到3家或以上回收企业的数量要求,导致未招标成功。最近一次招标成功还是在2014年。

实际上,自行车回收的痛点很简单:废钢铁便宜、量少——多家回收企业对于自行车的回收报价仅为每辆十几元甚至四五元。

“共享单车回收的市场本身需求不强,不然会有很多公司进入。”启迪桑德环境资源公司战略规划经理乔方青说,“废钢铁的价格比纸的价格还低,现在汽车回收的问题也很多,回收一台车都可能亏损。”而相比于汽车的回收量,一辆自行车所能产生的钢铁或铝合金又更少。

根据商务部发布的《中国再生资源回收行业发展报告2017(摘要)》,南方周末对2016年废钢铁和废纸总体回收量与总值进行比对发现,废钢铁均价为1.35元/千克,而废纸的均价是1.5元/千克。

在南方周末联系的多家公共自行车企业中,只有浙江台州成功地在2016年11月公开招标处理了7000辆报废的公共自行车。

颜琳秀告诉南方周末,台州政府在2016年将车辆报废的决定权交给台州公共自行车公司的股东会,从而不需要政府相关部门的审批。股东会批准后,公司进行招投标,全程跟踪回收过程。在颜琳秀提供给南方周末的回收照片中,公共自行车架已经被压成方块,整齐堆放等待再利用。

不过颜琳秀坦言,在公开招标时,回收企业的反应并不积极。“这几家(报名企业)也都是我们之前主动告知的。”拆解自行车的工作也还需要台州公共自行车方与回收企业共同完成。

有回收企业表示,如果能够和共享单车公司合作,由单车公司负责回收和运输,回收企业只负责处置再生,才会有一定盈利的空间。

中再生的徐铁城也告诉南方周末,相比于公司700万吨的废钢铁处理量,摩拜所能提供的废金属总量微乎其微。他认为摩拜做回收项目是其承担应有的社会责任,不是盈利。“企业的发展和利润点并不在末端回收,在末端回收上,企业是应该付出费用的。”

多位受访者认为,低回报率的单车回收生意,应该考虑生产者责任延伸制度——将生产者对其产品承担的资源环境责任从生产环节延伸到产品设计、流通消费、回收利用、废物处置等方面。

“没有生产者延伸责任制度,生产企业因为盈利会最先考虑制造而非回收。”中国再生金属协会发展部主管董军说。

对于共享单车而言,承担延伸责任担子并不轻。

已有环保组织发现,共享单车的多家供应商因环境违法受到过处罚。而在2017年5月,ofo和摩拜的生产商天津富士达和天津爱玛均因超标排放或环评问题被中央环境保护督察组通报和立案查处。

责任编辑:刘敏丹 CN012
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