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共享单车损毁严重:将制造30万吨废金属 等同5艘航母

2017-07-10 16:17:38   新华每日电讯

共享单车,如何告别“垃圾山”?

来源:南方周末

作者:李丹婧、钱潇、潘秋杏

自行车回收的痛点很简单:废钢铁便宜、量少——多家回收企业对于自行车的回收报价仅为每辆十几元甚至四五元。

在南方周末联系的多家公共自行车企业中,只有浙江台州成功地在2016年11月公开招标处理了7000辆报废的公共自行车。

共享单车改变了出行方式,可偶遇的坏车、成堆的报废单车“垃圾山”非常扎眼,让人担忧。

少有人知的更大隐患则是,据中国自行车协会官网报道,2016年,近20家品牌投放了约200万辆共享单车,而2017年预计投放总量极可能接近2000万辆。这些自行车报废之后,会产生近30万吨废金属,相当于5艘航空母舰结构钢的重量。

北京朝阳区定福庄附近的一个垃圾堆,被破坏的共享单车如同垃圾一样被丢弃。

在五彩缤纷的外壳之下,一辆自行车由25个部件和150个零部件组成:坐垫、框架、车轮、链条、电子锁……进一步的,这些部件属于金属、橡胶、塑料……可全车最有回收价值的车架——钢铁或铝合金制品,被回收行业内人士吐槽价格比纸还低而不愿回收。

待完善的维保体系、三年的使用年限、低廉的回收价格……对于自带环保光环的共享单车企业而言,风口之下除了攻城略地,还需在运维和回收体系上破题。

一、“目标1天维修1000辆”

共享单车被称为“国民素质的镜子”,毁坏单车的照片和帖子广为流传,共享单车公司显然也在加大维修力度,南方周末发现,在北京和广州,很多市民提到的废旧单车堆放点已经消失了。

共享单车的维修点也并不好找。2017年5月26日,南方周末在广州市海珠区一座天桥下的小路尽头找到了一个占地面积一百来平米的厂房。

这是一处ofo小黄车的维修点。一位维修师傅说:“还没有报废的车,我们这里都可以修好。”厂房门口停放着二三十辆维修好的单车,厂房里有两位工作人员维修车胎和轴承,两位维修链条,一位负责为修理好的车登记,还有1名辅助其他人工作。

厂房的最深处,还有约二十辆看上去外形完好的小黄车。“这些是要进场大修的。”

2017年5月,北京市统计局发布的“北京居民使用共享单车的调查”显示,车辆破损最突出,有72.2%被访者遇到过此种情形,主要表现在刹车失灵、车胎没气、掉链子、车把或坐垫损坏。

共享单车的手机软件上有坏车报修的按钮,南方周末曾见过大批张贴了三角形“待维修!”标志的ofo小黄车,排列整齐,等待运走。

在这个ofo的维修点里,半小时内,分别有一辆调度小卡车和两辆面包车开了进来,小卡车放下了约20辆坏车,面包车运来了10辆坏车,运走了入口的10辆修好的车。

目前,摩拜与ofo是市场占有率最高的两家企业,南方周末就毁坏比例、维修数量、维修点布局等问题致电两家企业相关负责人,截至发稿未得到回复。

师傅是从什么行业转业而来?工资怎样?公司平时怎么管理?对于这些问题,维修点的师傅也都讳莫如深。上述ofo的维修师傅说,每人每天能修好约三十辆车,这个维修点已经运行了约2个月。

南方周末找到的摩拜单车维修点更为偏远,位于广州天河区一个远离商业中心的村落。维修点停着约两千辆待维修的摩拜单车,有的是整车,有的已经拆成了钢圈、轮胎。一位负责人告诉南方周末:“这个维修点算小的,也才刚运行一个月。”

工厂的入口处,8名维修师傅低头忙着修车,厂房里光线较暗,他们都靠着门口工作,身后是一大片橙色车海。

在维修点的办公室里,一块白板上写着,“目标一天维修1000辆”。目前,这里的修车师傅一天还只能完成几百辆次的维修。

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