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新闻分析:俄欲向欧供气 美国竭力阻挠

2018-06-07 18:21:01    新华网

新华社北京6月7日电 新闻分析:俄欲向欧供气 美国竭力阻挠

新华社记者赵嫣

据美国《外交政策》杂志报道,美国近期正在酝酿针对“北溪-2”天然气管道项目的制裁措施,与俄罗斯合作的欧洲公司可能成为制裁对象。分析人士认为,美国此举意在阻止该项目继续推进,以降低俄罗斯对欧洲经济的影响力。

  “北溪-2”好事多磨

欧洲国家在天然气上对俄依赖程度较高。根据2016年的数据,欧洲天然气约三分之一从俄罗斯进口,其中东欧国家对俄罗斯的能源依赖尤甚。

“北溪-2”项目计划在波罗的海海底铺设管道,把俄罗斯天然气输送到德国,再通过德国干线管道输送到其他欧洲国家,项目管线途经俄罗斯、瑞典、芬兰、丹麦和德国的水域或专属经济区。建成后,俄将向德国每年输气550亿立方米,可满足欧洲10%的天然气需求。

这一项目历经波折。俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司(俄气)2015年即宣布已与欧洲合作伙伴达成一致,随后经历了合作伙伴退出、多国质疑等曲折,最终俄气去年4月与法国、荷兰、奥地利、德国多家能源公司签订协议,决定共同推进这一项目。

根据计划,项目将于2019年建成,最晚从2020年起,俄罗斯输往西欧的天然气将无须过境乌克兰、波兰、白俄罗斯和其他几个东欧国家,同时德国有望成为新的俄罗斯天然气欧洲转运枢纽。据俄方消息,目前“北溪-2”在德国已开始动工,芬兰、瑞典、丹麦的相关手续也在正常办理中。

如果“北溪-2”建成后替代现有管线,乌克兰等东欧国家可能失去每年数十亿欧元过境费和能源转运这一地缘政治工具,更将承担天然气价格上涨风险。正因如此,以德国为首的西欧国家对项目态度积极,而乌克兰等东欧国家则尽力阻挠这一项目,并得到了美国“撑腰”。

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