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美国反对贸易战的理性声音不断

2018-03-31 10:06:10    央广网

  图②:美国普通消费者在一家超市购物,美国进口的中国商品物美价廉,使美国民众获益。光明图片/视觉中国

众所周知,中美两国贸易依存度高,早已形成“你中有我,我中有你”的局面。据路透社报道,针对中美两国之间可能一触即发的贸易战,渣打银行研究部近日发布报告称,如果美国对价值达600亿美元的中国进口产品征收25%的关税,这可能导致中国对美出口总额减少5%;鉴于美国需求对中国GDP的贡献约为3%,因此一旦美国对中国进口产品加征关税,可能导致中国GDP增速减少0.15个百分点。但与此同时,美国对中国经济的依赖度已从占美国GDP比重的0.1%升至0.7%,因此,一旦中国对美国进行反击,禁止食品和运输领域的美国进口产品,那么美国GDP增速将减少0.2个百分点;如果中国全面禁止进口美国产品,将使美国GDP增速减少0.9个百分点。从此不难看出,贸易战只会让中美两国两败俱伤。

  图③:部分中国制造企业进入美国,为当地增加了就业机会。新华社发

浏览美国的媒体不难发现,一些美国人和机构总是单方面强调美中之间的贸易逆差,却只字不提美对华服务贸易顺差。中国企业每年向美国公司,比如苹果、高通公司,支付高昂的专利许可费,这些费用达数百亿美元,理应被归为美国对中国出口服务的收入。对此,不少经济学家表达了客观看法。委内瑞拉前计划部长、泛美银行前首席经济学家、哈佛大学经济学教授豪斯曼28日撰文表示,以前国际贸易大部分是以货物贸易的形式存在,但问题是现如今国际贸易不仅包括货物贸易,还包括服务贸易,比如旅游、保险等。如果把美国对外出口服务的贸易顺差与其货物贸易逆差放在一起考虑的话,那么美国的总贸易逆差会缩小到5470亿美元。实际上,美国在国际贸易中的收支不平衡反映了美国国内经济的不平衡,在这种情况下,外部赤字是不可能通过贸易战来解决的。

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