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第二,要真诚。我认为人和人的交流、国家和国家的交流,真诚是最重要的。虚头巴脑地谁愿意跟你打交道啊?一次就够了。你只有真诚才能交到真朋友,你讲的话人家才会听。所谓真诚,一是从心理上体现出真诚,我是真心实意地要跟你交流、做朋友。第二要说真话,你想到什么就说什么,真话就是符合实际的话。我跟加媒打交道、接受采访的一个基本原则,就是说真话,知道什么就告诉你什么,不知道就说不知道。这是最好的。说真话还有一点,就是脑子里要有一个意识:我要向加拿大人展示一个真实的中国。你现在看到加拿大媒体展示的不是真实的中国,那就要给它扭转,通过说真话来展示一个真实的中国,来扭转加拿大人对中国的偏见与不实。
第三,要理性。刚才说到西方人一个特点是比较讲逻辑,你就跟他讲逻辑。但有时候他也把逻辑用歪了,西方人对逻辑很内行,门儿清,用的时候能把中国人绕进去。比如他有几个手法——一是以偏概全,这实际上是逻辑上的一个谬误。他们介绍中国时以个别现象代表中国的全貌,把支流说成主流,或者把某个局部问题,比如经济问题,上升到政治问题,上升到制度层面。诸如此类,这就是以偏概全。二是偷换概念,同一个概念,你说的跟他说的,实际上意思不一样,但他就用他说的替换你的,用他的概念讲,你肯定说不过他。最突出的就是民主人权这类东西。西方就是先入为主,把民主人权概念贴上西方标签,然后说你中国这也不行,那也不行。这就是偷换概念。
首先给你设置一些话语陷阱。有一个著名的古希腊诡辩:“你已经不再打你的父亲了吗?”怎么回答?你怎么回答都是错的,怎么回答都处于道德下风。加拿大记者有时就用这种方法给我提问,我从不正面回答,就讲道理。因此要理性,要善于用理性去讲,体现强大的思辨能力,去阻击他的狡辩。没有思辨能力,压倒不了他,就被他的狡辩搞糊涂了。魔鬼定律里有一条,你如果说服不了对手就把他搞糊涂。这就是典型的西方人。所以要反其道而行之,我们中国人也有自己的战术,叫跳到外线作战,不上你的圈套,不中你的计。
就是以上这三点,自信、真诚、理性。
新华网:卢大使来加拿大后,接受了数家加拿大媒体的采访,坦诚地诠释了中国对外交往的理念和价值观,加拿大媒体也把采访的内容基本全文发表,效果非常好,产生的影响也较大。请您谈谈与加拿大媒体接触的感受以及今后加强与其互动的想法。
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