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用中国声音讲述火星故事

2017-09-16 07:46:49   新华网

火星上发现了生命可能曾经存在的关键证据。这是9月13日,美国“好奇号”火星探测车在火星一个火山口中新的发现。在那里,一种硼酸盐物质被发现,该物质在组成 RNA 方面扮演重要角色,而根据有关学说,第一个生命是由单链 RNA 组成的。

“好奇号”的上述新发现成为很多中国人特别是天文爱好者讨论的焦点。火星这颗距离地球最远可达4亿公里的红色星球,正日益被揭开神秘的面纱,面目逐渐清晰起来。随着中国航天科技的发展,深空探测能力不断增强,中国人将在火星探测、推进人类对其认知方面作出自己的贡献。 

足不出国体验火星

火星探测考验的是航天科技实力,对于普通民众来说,航天高深莫测、距离自己非常遥远。但中国的火星探测项目却显得非常亲民,可以说十分接地气。民众甚至足不出国就可以通过“参与”探测项目,好好领略一下“火星”的独特景观,实实在在过几天“火星”生活。这个神奇的地方就在青海德令哈,那里有中国“火星村”,模拟火星基地就选址在该市红崖。

红崖位于柴达木雅丹地貌群,被称为地球上最像火星的地方之一。红崖是雅丹地貌与丹霞地貌的混合, 由于土壤中含铁成分较高,土丘呈现出铁红色。这与火星橘红色的外表非常接近。此外,红崖由于季节性降水的影响,地表形成的径流冲刷成了一些河道河谷。这样特殊的地理地貌,与沙漠沙丘砾石遍布的火星地貌也非常相似。在中科院月球与深空探测总体部主任刘晓群看来,红崖地区的地形地貌特点与火星表面相似,加之这里良好的区位条件,为模拟火星基地项目的落地创造了基础条件,提供了有力支撑。“火星村”的主体部分由“火星社区”和“火星营地”两个功能区组成。

科研当然是“火星村”的核心任务之一,这里将为科研机构进行火星探测、实验和模拟训练提供服务。中科院国家天文台研究员郑永春举例说,红崖地区以前的盐湖干涸后留下了许多盐类沉积,这和火星上水流干之后盐类的沉积过程是相似的。科学家可以研究这些盐类在什么条件下形成,通过盐类沉积过程推断过去水的盐度、当时的环境温度。还可以根据流水作用的遗迹,推断火星上曾经的水流情况。模拟训练也是“火星村”必备的科目。对此,中科院国家天文台研究员苟利军介绍说,红崖地区和火星非常相似的环境可以让火星车在这里进行模拟运行,看看实验效果,这一点与当年月球车进行月壤模拟训练一样。

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