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新华社:美国“退约”难阻应对气候变化的全球大势

2017-06-04 22:06:05   新华网

“退约”背后的短视

美国退出《巴黎协定》早有预兆,特朗普在竞选总统时就称有关气候变化的科学结论是“骗局”。特朗普政府“退约”的理由是,《巴黎协定》将给美国带来“苛刻财政和经济负担”。一方面,为达到自主贡献目标的节能减排措施将损害美国煤炭、石油等产业,减少就业;另一方面,按协定的要求,美国作为全球最大的发达国家,有义务为联合国“绿色气候基金”出资。

特朗普说:“简言之,这份协议没有消灭煤炭工作,它只是把那些工作从美国转移到外国,这份协议跟气候关系不大,倒是更多与其他国家获得针对美国的财政优势有关……这份协议是把美国财富向其他国家转移的大规模再分配。”

但是众多专家指出,这些理由站不住脚。因为美国传统能源产业创造就业机会的潜力已难以挖掘,而新能源创造的就业机会早已超过煤炭、石油等产业。美国能源部数据显示,现阶段美国煤炭产业就业人数略多于16万人,而太阳能产业远超前者,达到37.4万人;为“绿色气候基金”出资,实则提升了美国的国际形象和软实力,进而也有助于美国的商业利益。

人们已经看到,应对气候变化,节能减排,促进新能源发展,是各国转变发展方式、破解资源环境制约、提升国际竞争力的内在要求。低碳发展道路是大势所趋,为了眼前能见的一点利益就逆向而行,只能错失一个新时代的机遇。

世界大势无法改变

退出《巴黎协定》,不是美国政府第一次签署气候协议后又出尔反尔。早在2001年,布什政府上台后不久就宣布退出《京都议定书》,日本、澳大利亚等多个发达国家随后效仿退出或削弱减排力度,《京都议定书》的效力因此而大打折扣。

有此先例,特朗普宣布美国“退约”自然会引发担忧:《巴黎协定》是否会步《京都议定书》的后尘,国际社会合作应对气候变化的努力是否会因此受挫?多方专家指出,今日不同以往,美国“退约”短期内可能造成一定冲击,但长期而言,国际社会凝聚的强大共识仍将发挥作用。

就短期影响方面,美国麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院教授约翰·斯特曼认为,首先,美国的退出给全球太阳能、风能和其他新兴绿色能源行业的投资带来不确定性;其次,美国削减对联合国绿色气候基金的贡献,其他发达国家可能效仿美国,降低出资额度,发展中国家应对气候变化的一部分资金将无法落实;第三,这将强化“发达国家不率先减排,发展中国家也不应行动”的思维。

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