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美国退出巴黎气候协定,特朗普又"任性"了?

2017-06-02 14:23:30   澎湃

原标题:释新闻|美国若退出巴黎气候协定,是特朗普又“任性”了吗

美国总统特朗普当地时间5月31日在社交媒体推特上宣布,将在当地时间当天下午3时(北京时间6月2日凌晨3时),在白宫玫瑰园宣布决定是否退出巴黎气候协定。尽管答案并非最终揭晓,不过,按照美国媒体的说法,对于特朗普而言,剩下的问题已经不在于是否要退出巴黎协定,而是用什么方式退出的问题,在退出方式上,究竟是逐步退出,还是一键到底地退出,是值得继续观察的。但就美国正式决定退出巴黎协定而言,有必要厘清故事背后的来龙去脉及其影响。

美国退出巴黎协定是“水到渠成”

第一,美国退出巴黎协定属于“水到渠成”,对于国际社会并非意外。

自从去年特朗普代表共和党参加美国总统大选并获胜以来,有关美国在气候变化应对上的最新态度便已经开始受到广泛的关注,其原因在于,一则共和党本身在气候变化应对上的传统立场偏右,支持传统能源的发展,二则特朗普本人则又在气候变化应对上历来表现出消极的姿态,他在2012年就曾在推特上表态这是一个由中国推动的“阴谋”,而气候变化阴谋论在国际社会也从来不缺市场。只不过,在奥巴马政府期间,在代表新能源和中小企业利益的民主党的大力推动下,美国才得以通过行政命令的方式在全国范围内鼓励新能源的发展,并积极参与国际社会的气候变化应对。

在总统选举过程中,特朗普对于气候变化的态度也体现在其竞选纲领中,表态如果当选总统,为了美国的利益,要在第一时间内退出巴黎协定。在特朗普成功当选美国总统后,这一表态并没有发生变化,无论是在就任总统前公布的执政纲领中,还是在任职总统后公布的百日执政计划中,都以不同的形式继续明确了美国将重新评估及退出巴黎协定的意愿。

期间,为了稳步推进这个意愿的落地,特朗普做了大量的铺垫工作,从环境署、内政部、能源部等内阁关键人事上的任免,一直到签署行政命令中止执行奥巴马的绿色能源行动计划,再到降低美国参加波恩气候变化谈判大会的外交级别,以及在七国集团(G7)峰会上特立独行,不参与七国集团的气候变化联合声明,最后到在推特上宣布其即将退出巴黎协定的决定。这一切行动表明,特朗普带领美国退出巴黎协定是一个非常有计划而且成熟的政治决定,并非是有些观点所分析的是针对其前任奥巴马的一种“意气用事”。对此结果,国际社会也不应感到意外。

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