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侠客岛:美国退出气候协定 中国的机遇期来了?

2017-06-03 07:41:35   中国搜索网

特朗普终于宣布了美国退出《巴黎协定》的消息。看来,在美国的总统那里,“一张蓝图绘到底”这句话的效力,大概抵不过“新官不理旧账”。

是的,奥巴马同志的政治遗产正逐个被推翻。废了TPP,医保法案不保,巴黎协定也退了。要知道,就在去年的杭州G20,奥巴马还跟习总一起,向时任的联合国秘书长一起递交了中美两国对巴黎协定的批准文书。

这个消息当然足够让世界哗然,但也符合特朗普的一贯风格。我们更感兴趣的,是这件事、以及围绕这件事发生的几件事,背后隐隐透出的局势变化。

理由

《巴黎协定》的谈判过程经历了十几年,这场马拉松也历经无数波折。大体说来,其主旨就是控制温室气体的排放,把全球平均气温的增幅控制在2摄氏度之内——对比的基准,是工业化之前的世界。在此过程中,发达国家应当带头减排,同时给发展中国家进行资金、技术和能力建设支持。

在全球197个国家中,这一协定已经在147个国家生效,另有48个签约国家尚待批准协定,只有尼加拉瓜与叙利亚两个国家没有签署协定。美国是第三个。

克里签署《巴黎协定》

在美国,奥巴马的民主党一向主张清洁能源,而特朗普所在的共和党则对此持批判态度。奥巴马政府此前的承诺是,以2005年的排放量为基准,到2025年削减26%到28%的排放量;同时承诺向联合国提供30亿美元的基金,帮助发展中国家对抗气候变化。奥巴马离任前,已兑现了10亿美元。

共和党则不然。特朗普胜选时,传统能源企业就曾迎来大涨。特朗普的就任演说,“气候变化”只字不提;上任后,白宫网站几乎删除了所有有关气候变化的内容,取而代之的,是“美国优先能源计划”;而他任命的新环保署署长,则以坚决反对奥巴马遏制气候变化的努力而著称。

今天,特朗普也给出了自己的理由。和他竞选时说的一样,他一直认为气候变化是个“骗局”。2012年,他就曾发推,说气候变暖是“中国人捏造出来的理论”,目的是削弱美国制造业的竞争力。

而在他今天发给支持者的邮件中,则援引美国国家经济研究协会经济咨询公司(NERA Econonomic Consulting)的数据,称如果遵守《巴黎协定》的话,美国将遭受3万亿美元损失,丢掉650万个工业部门岗位(其中310万个是制造业岗位),造纸、水泥、钢铁、煤炭、天然气等行业则将承受12%到86%的产能降低。

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