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结构性去杠杆应坚定稳步推进

2018-08-14 06:21:00    经济参考报

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尽管2017年以来我国宏观杠杆率上升势头明显放缓,但实体经济杠杆率依然较高。日前,国家发展改革委等部门联合印发《2018年降低企业杠杆率工作要点》,对降低企业部门杠杆相关工作进行了具体部署。下一步,应坚定决心,突出重点,创新方法,把握好力度和节奏,不断推进和深化结构性去杠杆工作。

首先,要坚定去杠杆的决心。高杠杆是宏观经济和金融脆弱性的总根源。当下,我国企业尤其是国有企业负债率仍然偏高,居民部门加杠杆速度过快,政府部门隐性债务大量存在。过高的杠杆率可能引发资产泡沫破裂,甚至引发系统性金融风险。所以,必须坚持去杠杆方向和总体要求不变,下决心将债务水平和杠杆率逐步降下来。去杠杆是一个痛苦的过程,不可避免对市场带来一定的冲击。我们应该看到,在信用紧缩阶段,迫切需要融资的往往是高风险企业。那些实力较弱、风险较高的企业,出现融资困难,进而破产清算,既是市场竞争优胜劣汰的体现,也是结构性去杠杆的应有之意。只有适当收紧信用,倒逼金融资源从低效率的产业和企业退出,才能打赢防范化解重大风险攻坚战,才能真正向高质量发展转变。

其次,要突出去杠杆的重点。当前我国最突出的债务问题和去杠杆工作的重点领域仍然是国有企业。所以,要全面落实《工作要点》,加快推进降低国有企业杠杆率工作。应建立健全企业债务风险防控机制,以强化资本管理和风险管控为准绳,合理确定业务发展规模和速度,推动国有企业形成合理的资产负债结构。要通过严格的财务制度和资本金约束,推动国有企业聚焦主业、做强主业,退出缺乏竞争优势的非主业领域及产业低端环节,严格控制增量债务。

同时,加快推动“僵尸企业”债务处置。金融机构应尽快从“僵尸企业”退出,并提升金融资源供给的适度性,避免因过分强调支持实体经济,放大信贷投入,不顾企业实际情况盲目增大供给。当然,也应避免因过分强调“破”“立”“降”,片面采取“抽贷”“断贷”等简单手段,造成“处置风险的风险”。

再次,要创新去杠杆的措施。市场化法治化债转股是降低企业杠杆率的重要举措,但实施以来存在“签约多,实施难”等问题。《工作要点》从壮大实施机构队伍、增强业务能力、拓宽机构融资渠道、完善转股资产交易机制、开展债转优先股试点、加强转股股东权益保障等方面进行创新,补齐债转股的政策体系的短板,有利于提升银行和实施机构的积极性,加快债转股项目的落地实施。

当然,在结构性去杠杆的过程中,要正视部分企业融资问题,并进一步采取针对性措施加以缓解。下一步,应尽快疏通国民经济循环和货币政策传导路径,货币政策要在坚持基调不变的情况下,注重定向、结构性投放流动性,缓解社会融资环境偏紧的局面;财税政策要更加积极,落实好“减税降费”政策,减轻企业负担,为企业发展创造良好条件。要以国家融资担保基金成立为契机,充分发挥政府性融资担保体系的作用,加大对小微企业和“三农”经济等薄弱环节的支持服务。金融监管部门和金融机构要坚持综合施策,采取更多正面激励方式,利用金融科技等手段,进一步创新产品和服务,提高服务实体经济的能力和效率。

原标题:结构性去杠杆应坚定稳步推进
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