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清官难断家务事!离婚纠纷法院应该怎么判?

2017-09-15 06:46:41   央广网

清官难断家务事,家事审判难题多

离婚纠纷案件数量攀升,也给法院的审判带来了不少挑战。其中,举证能力与实现公平的内心期许两相背离,正是家事纠纷专业化审判面临的问题之一。

《白皮书》分析称,由于家事案件所涉事项的隐蔽性,外人一般无从知晓,而当事人之间身份上的密切关系,使得当事人保留证据的意识不强,导致在维权时难以提供有利证据。

例如,在统计的离婚纠纷涉家庭暴力案件中,绝大多数当事人只有自己口头陈述,即使提交了相关医院的就诊记录,但因何事受伤指向并不明确,难以确认是家庭暴力所致。

而在涉婚外情的案件中,55%以上的当事人往往只能提交有暧昧语言的QQ聊天记录、短信聊天记录、拉手搭肩等较为“亲密”合影等,而在没有其他证据予以佐证的情况下,这些证据因为单一、片面,无法形成完整的证据链,法院采信困难。

就当事人转移、变卖、隐匿财产的情况在离婚案件中也占有一定比例,对此重要案件事实的查证、举证,对于作为自然人的当事人来说往往都是十分困难的。

另外,法律与伦理交融下,对事实的评价变得困难重重。

法官必须准确适用法律裁决纠纷以实现法律正义,但同时,保障未成年人、妇女和老年人的合法权益同样是家事审判的重要功能。如何保障弱势群体的利益,如何克服法律规范的机械适用从而避免与伦理背离,往往考验着法官对法律、伦理的理性认知。

资料图 罗云鹏 摄

离婚纠纷究竟怎么判?

——这些问题需要了解

北京一中院日前发布了《涉家事纠纷案件法律基本规范指引》,民众关心的一些有关离婚案件法律问题在这份《指引》中可以找到答案:

离婚时,子女抚养权怎么判?

离婚诉讼中涉及子女抚养权问题时,法院裁判的最高原则是实现子女利益的最大化。法院会从有利于子女身心健康,保障子女的合法权益出发,结合父母双方的抚养能力和抚养条件等具体情况予以处理。

需要说明的是,父母与子女间的关系,不因父母离婚而消除。离婚后,子女无论由父或母直接抚养,仍是父母双方的子女。离婚后,父母对于子女仍有抚养和教育的权利和义务。父母离婚时,双方均应站在子女而非自身的角度理性看待抚养权归属问题,通过共同努力为子女营造一个积极健康的成长环境。

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