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女员工入职三天即宣布怀孕 盘点各国“隐孕入职”处理方法

2017-09-12 17:02:41   新华网

日本的法律规定,不得以员工怀孕为由对其解雇,但是因为孕妇的身体状况有些工作无法完成,有的公司会以不能胜任工作为由,劝怀孕的员工辞职。尤其是“隐孕入职”的员工,可能会受到来自公司和同事的双重压力,有些妈妈为了拿到失业保险和产假会坚持不辞职,有些人最终无法承受给周围带来麻烦的内疚而辞职。作为雇主一方也是左右为难,一方面不能辞退,一方面担忧工作被耽误,还要担心孕妇在工作中会不会出意外,特别是一些需要体力的工作。很多公司有三个月的试用期,试用期是还没签署雇佣合同的,如果在试用期结束前发现员工怀孕,不少公司会不录用该员工。

  俄罗斯:“隐孕”情况普遍 更有甚者假装怀孕以获得工作福利

据《全球华语广播网》俄罗斯观察员张舜衡介绍,在俄罗斯,入职时隐瞒怀孕的情况非常普遍,甚至通过假装怀孕来获得工作福利的情况也是存在的。

众所周知,俄罗斯政府为了提高国家生育率,通过法律和各种行政手段给予孕妇面面俱到的保护,但同时相对造成用人单位不得不适应一个高成本的人力资源市场,甚至在一定程度上,孕妇员工的数量直接决定企业的人力成本。因为根据俄罗斯法律,孕妇可以享受全薪、半薪以及无薪产假。如果职工只生一个孩子,雇主必须保留该职工在产假期间的工作岗位长达3年之久。而俄罗斯的很多传统家庭并不满足于只有1个孩子,为了节省时间和带娃支出,通常会选择连续生几个孩子。如果按生3个孩子来算,雇主就必须为其保留工作岗位长达9年的时间。

在如此法律保护下,俄罗斯招聘官对于女性员工的要求就更高更严苛。自知怀孕的女性是绝对不会在求职过程中公开怀孕信息的。对于一些工作不够稳定或是签订非正式雇佣合同的女性,怀孕就意味着失去一切收入。一些女性不得不故意钻法律漏洞,找到正式工作以后再怀孕,甚至接二连三地怀孕。

张舜衡称,虽然企业对女性员工入职时是否怀孕倍加防备,但其实私人企业并不是隐瞒怀孕员工入职的首选,因为私企可能会因为各种原因解雇怀孕员工,即便维权胜算很大,但消耗的时间成本也不低。综合来看,最佳的去向是由政府拨款的国有单位,比如各级政府、大学等各级教育机构、国有企业等。虽然薪资起点可能偏低,但孕妇的福利有充分保障。

除了刚入职就宣布怀孕以外,俄罗斯还有假装怀孕的情况。据俄罗斯莱福新闻专题报道,在俄社交网站上有很多小组,非法出售医生判定怀孕的处方,处方上有医生的签名和各式盖章。这项产业的配套服务链也很完善,由市属医院提供包涵一切个人信息的怀孕材料,有内部人员在法院照应,在注册机构接应。客户还可以直接向其订购用来模拟怀孕的假肚子,有塑料、橡胶和硅胶三种可选。如果将该业务推广给朋友还能获得返点回扣。在享受完所有孕妇福利后,员工可以以宣布最终意外流产等借口来恢复工作。

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