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上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院临床营养科主任汤庆娅指出:“论文提及,碳水化合物摄入量大的人群死亡率高28%;但研究中并未对死亡率进行分析。我们有理由假设,在部分落后地区,不排除因为饥饿、营养不良造成的死亡。”她同时补充,论文并没有任何数据表示,过度摄入脂肪是健康的。这也并不能成为居民毫无节制吃肉的借口。
在被误读“主食吃得多与少”之时,论文相关研究报告却被忽视。专家说,论文作者同时提出,健康饮食应包括水果、豆类、种子、蔬菜和全谷物,限制精制淀粉和精制糖。举个例子,在精细加工的饼干与甘薯类食物中,居民应尽量选择后者。进一步减少过于精细化的加工食物,有利合理膳食。
论文观点并不新颖突出
在多位专家看来,这篇《柳叶刀》论文的观点,与此前公认的营养学观点并无出入,也没有过多亮点。从“胆固醇被平反”到“多吃主食死得早”,不难发现,关乎健康的信息往往能博人眼球、造成传播,但误读误导带来的认知误区,成为信息泛滥后遗症。
孙建琴说,近年来,低碳饮食、生酮饮食等颇有一定流传度,甚至有一部分学者也认同“吃很少主食可以更健康”。这种认知从膳食管理角度来说并不科学。以生酮饮食为例,酮是人体在饥饿状态下产生的一种物质,人体长期有酮生成,对神经、器官、心脏都有危害。每种食物都有其摄入的上限与下限,成年人每天必须摄入至少150克碳水化合物,在碳水化合物中,多选择全谷物,少选择精致加工的点心,可有效预防慢性病的发生。
专家呼吁,营养学属于一门科学,非专业人士解读科学,造成居民认知混淆,对维持居民健康带来不利影响。传递权威科学知识之时,如何避免伪科普、假科普,应该是信息化时代亟待解决的问题。参照中国膳食营养指南、形成良好饮食结构,从长远来看可预防居民慢性病的发生,对当前我国居民健康状况改善有好处。(记者 顾泳 黄杨子)
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