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依法治核·“严”字当头·损害赔偿——我国首部核安全法热点解读

2017-09-02 00:40:54   新华网

——严厉的处罚。这部法条共94条,法律责任占很大部分。在罚款之外,又设置了一些停止建设、停产整顿等处罚。除了罚企业外,对于企业的主管人员和直接责任人员也设定了罚款。通过提高罚款额度、增加违法成本,来加大企业的法律责任。

核损害赔偿制度有待进一步明确

核损害赔偿,是核安全法中广受关注的一个规定。童卫东表示,法律规定了核损害赔偿制度,明确了一旦发生核事故,核设施营运单位是唯一的责任主体,采用的是无过错责任,即不管有没有过错,只要发生了核事故都要承担赔偿责任。只有极少的情况下,如战争、武装冲突等,才排除其责任,像重大自然灾害都没有排除在应承担责任之外。

核设施营运单位应该通过投保责任保险、参加互助机制等方式,作出适当的财务保证安排,确保能够及时、有效履行核损害赔偿责任。

“投保责任保险实际上就是强制性保险。”他说,现在在核电厂建设、运营之前,首先要投保一个责任保险。他同时指出,现在投保的责任保险保额比较低,还需要调整,但这个制度是有的。

由于核事故带来的损失非常重大,单个企业进行赔偿,可能难以承受。他介绍,国际原子能机构、国际公约和其他国家一个普遍的制度是,国家也承担一定的兜底责任。国务院此前一个批复中也明确,国家适当给予补偿。

他说,因为核损害赔偿制度涉及的问题较多,这部法律只把一些基本的原则写出来了,未来还要通过专门立法的方式进一步完善。

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