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核安全法草案三审 进一步强化核设施营运单位的责任

2017-08-28 23:05:57   新华网

新华社北京8月28日电(记者高敬)核安全法草案28日第三次提请全国人大常委会审议,草案三次审议稿在从业人员安全与健康、放射性废物处置、核损害赔偿等多个方面进一步强化了核设施营运单位的责任。

草案三审稿规定,核设施营运单位应当按照国家规定,为从业人员提供相应的劳动防护和职业健康检查,保障从业人员的安全和健康。

有的常委委员、部门和社会公众提出,乏燃料处理处置、核设施退役、放射性废物处置是核工业发展过程中必然面临的问题,并且处理处置周期长、难度大、投入多。对此,草案三审稿规定,核设施营运单位应当按照国家规定缴纳乏燃料处理处置费用;应当预提核设施退役费用、放射性废物处置费用,专门用于核设施退役、放射性废物处置。

草案二审稿规定了核损害赔偿制度。有的常委会组成人员、部门和社会公众提出,核损害赔偿是倒逼核设施安全运行的一项重要制度,不同于普通的损害赔偿,应当根据我国实际情况,同时借鉴国际公约的规定和其他国家的经验,对核损害赔偿作进一步完善。

草案三审稿对此规定,因核事故造成他人人身伤亡、财产损失或者环境损害的,核设施营运单位应当按照国家核损害责任制度承担赔偿责任,但能够证明损害是因战争、武装冲突、暴乱等情形或者受害人故意造成的除外。核设施营运单位应当通过投保责任保险、参加互助机制等方式,作出适当的财务保证安排,确保能够及时、有效履行核损害赔偿责任。

在当天下午进行的分组审议中,大家普遍认为,草案三审稿总结我国核安全工作实践经验,按照从高从严的要求,实行全过程、全链条的监管和风险管控,符合核安全工作实际,具有可行性和可操作性。在当前核电快速发展的形势下,草案经过修改已经比较成熟,建议尽快审议通过。

全国人大代表刘占芳提出,草案三审稿法律责任部分仍比较欠缺,建议提高违反法律规定应承担的法律责任,提高罚款数额,切实起到震慑作用。此外,还有人建议法律在科普宣传方面有所加强,让核安全走进人们的生活。

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