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“两弹一星”元勋程开甲院士迎来百岁生日

2017-08-26 20:45:46   中国青年网

1964年的程开甲

根据核武器研究所领导任务分工,程开甲分管材料状态方程的理论研究和爆轰物理研究。当时,理论研究室主任是邓稼先。他选定中子物理、流体物理和高温高压下的物质性质三个方面,作为原子弹理论设计的主攻方向。高温高压组只有胡思得、李茂生等几个年轻人。

程开甲来到核武器研究所的时候,高温高压下的材料状态方程求解正遇到困难。胡思得向他详细汇报了做过的所有工作,也讲到了利用托马斯—费米理论时遇到的困惑。程开甲认真听取汇报,不时插话讨论。有些概念,例如冲击波,他也是第一次碰到。好在他在南京大学研究过托马斯—费米理论,还在《物理学报》上发表过关于 TFD 模型的文章。当时,高温高压组的成员大部分没有学过固体物理,更没有学过类似托马斯—费米理论的统计理论。为帮助他们在更高的平台上做工作,程开甲决定给他们系统地授课,提升他们的业务能力。

那段时间,程开甲脑袋里装的几乎全是数据。一次排队买饭,他把饭票递给窗口里的师傅时说:“我给你这个数据,你验算一下”,弄得卖饭师傅莫名奇妙。身后的邓稼先拍着程开甲的肩膀提醒说:“程教授,这儿是饭堂。”吃饭时,程开甲又突然想到一个问题,就把筷子倒过来,蘸着碗里的菜汤,在饭桌上写着、思考着。

经过半年艰苦努力,程开甲领着胡思得等年轻人,第一次采用合理的 TFD 模型,计算出原子弹爆炸时弹心的压力和温度,为原子弹的总体力学计算提供了依据。

程开甲在核试验基地研究所讲课

拿到计算结果后,负责原子弹结构设计的郭永怀高兴得不得了,对程开甲说:“老程,你的高压状态方程可帮我们解决了一个大难题啊!”

难题解决了,程开甲却病倒了。1960 年冬天,领导不得不让他停止手头工作,回南京养病。为早日康复,程开甲学打太极拳、练气功,并下决心戒烟,1961 年春节一过就重返工作岗位。

1962 年上半年,经过科学家和技术人员孜孜不倦的探索、攻关,我国原子弹研制工作闯过无数道难关,终于看到希望的曙光。就是这时,我国经济到了最困难的时期。中央决策层就国防尖端武器研制问题,发生上马、下马之争。关键时刻,毛泽东一锤定音:研制原子弹不是上马、下马的问题,而是要加紧进行。

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