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任重道远,文化自信路在脚下
非遗教育是抢救性的教育,刻不容缓。全国各级非遗项目总共87万余项,已有39个项目列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产名录,项目总数位居世界第一。1986名国家级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人中,相当数量都已年届高龄,有的已经离世。非物质文化遗产传承人面临断层之困。必须清醒地看到,非遗教育是独具其教育规律的自成体系承前启后的教育,是坚定文化自信走向世界的教育。我国非遗教育尚处于起步阶段。现代教育作为非遗传承的主渠道尚未形成,现代学校是作为非遗传承的主阵地尚未构筑。在非遗教育中坚定文化自信,亟待在解决四大课题上下功夫。
1、非遗教育亟待顶层设计
非遗凝结和传递着一个民族和地域的历史记忆、共同情感和经验智慧,是民族精神家园的重要源泉,是讲好中国故事的重要内容,是发展文化产业的重要资源。一方面,我国非遗资源量大面广品高质优,情况多样;另一方面,非遗的消亡也在加速。而非遗教育涉及非物质文化遗产本体研究、学科、专业、课程、教材、师资建设诸方面。同时,从义务教育学校、普通高校到职业技术学校,各层次、类别、行业的非遗教育既有共性,又有各自不同特点。非遗教育总体开展与提高,需要跨学科的融合,更需要跨部门、跨机构的合作。当前亟须对非遗教育进行总体、顶层研究,形成共识,作出规划,以便于各类非遗教育的推进、发展。教育、文化、民委等相关部门应按《中华人民共和国非物质文化遗产法》的要求,出台有关规定,以规范学校、指导各类主体开展非遗教育。
2、非遗研究亟待理论探索
由于我国的非遗教育尚处于自发松散各自为政的初级阶段,非遗教育研究工作起步更晚,因此,有关非遗教育的知识体系、价值体系、学科体系构建等重大理论问题,也都或多或少的存在不足。诸如非遗教育如何促进传承人的文化素质、科学素养和创新能力的提升,使现代传承人综合素质和能力更高;如何通过非遗教育让非遗融入现实生活,重新挖掘和阐发优秀传统文化的当代价值和现实意义;如何通过非遗教育促进产业和职业群,在未来的经济和社会中发挥更大作用;非遗教育如何带动相关研究开发的升级,使我国非遗事业更能适应现代社会发展和国际交流的需要等等,都离不开非遗教育的理论研究。可以说,没有非遗教育基础理论的支撑,就没有非遗教育的科学化发展。
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