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非遗教育,做鲜活的文化传承
2017-08-24 06:23:05 中国青年网
光明图片/视觉中国
【教改透视】
以非遗为典型代表的中国优秀传统文化是中华民族共同的精神家园,是中华民族的DNA、是我们的根与魂,更是中国文化软实力的内在支撑。因此,保护传承非遗刻不容缓,而用鲜活的非遗教育打造文化传承的主渠道,则是教育界应该努力的一个方向。
非遗教育开端可喜
文化部自2015年4月始,启动了对传承人群分批次普及培训、研修研习试点。部门之间携手非遗教育也开始起步,文化部联合教育部于2015年11月正式在全国范围实施非遗传承人研培计划。试点院校先后举办了26期普及培训班和9期研修班,培训学员1800人次。随后出台的《中国非物质文化遗产传承人群研修研习培训计划(2016—2020)》提出,5年内培训人数要达到10万人次。“强基础、增学养、拓眼界”,传承人群教育计划的实施将大大提升传承人群的文化自信水平。
其实,早在2010年6月,教育部就举办“全国首届职业院校学生技能作品展洽会”,全国19个省、市、自治区的100多所学校2000余件作品参展,安徽省教育厅组成了非遗教育成果主题展。之后,非物质文化遗产教育工作在全国各地纷纷开展起来,开设非遗教育的学校也越来越多。2011年,教育部公布了第一批全国中小学中华优秀文化艺术传承学校,旨在通过开展中华优秀文化艺术传承活动,引领青少年学生增强民族自尊心、自信心和自豪感,培养文化自觉和文化自信,促进青少年学生德智体美全面发展。
为大力提升职业院校民族文化传承与创新能力,推动相关职业院校办出特色、提高教学质量和办学水平,服务民族特色产业、文化产业的转型升级,教育部、文化部、国家民委三部委在2013年、2016年两次遴选公布了162个“全国职业院校民族文化传承与创新示范专业点”,为选拔和推出优秀艺术设计人才和非物质文化遗产传承人搭建广阔平台。
任重道远,文化自信路在脚下
非遗教育是抢救性的教育,刻不容缓。全国各级非遗项目总共87万余项,已有39个项目列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产名录,项目总数位居世界第一。1986名国家级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人中,相当数量都已年届高龄,有的已经离世。非物质文化遗产传承人面临断层之困。必须清醒地看到,非遗教育是独具其教育规律的自成体系承前启后的教育,是坚定文化自信走向世界的教育。我国非遗教育尚处于起步阶段。现代教育作为非遗传承的主渠道尚未形成,现代学校是作为非遗传承的主阵地尚未构筑。在非遗教育中坚定文化自信,亟待在解决四大课题上下功夫。
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