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小学一年级增设科学课 怎么教才科学?

2017-08-21 08:42:01   新华网

就低年级段的师资配备情况看,学校采用较多的做法是从3-6年级调老师教低年级的课程或者增加原有科学老师的课时数。

北京市朝阳区兴隆小学校长李景艳表示,学校从前没有固定的科学教师,而是由三位老师共同负责3-6年级的科学、综合实践和信息技术三门课程,交叉进行讲授。一、二年级增设科学课后,学校计划将三位老师中的一位固定下来,专门负责科学课。万士林表示,学校原有四位科学教师负责3-6年级的科学教学,未来计划让他们轮流负责一、二年级的科学课教学。

此外,也有部分小学原本就自主开设了一、二年级科学课程,配备了专门的师资,积累了一定的教学经验,如清华附小等。

 教学

  趣味性强,但不是“看热闹”

“动手做,玩中学,一、二年级不侧重原理性的东西,重在接触和体验。”在龚长霞的课程设计中,每节课都有动手环节,且占到整堂课的一半以上,包括实验、种植、绘画等。龚长霞认为,科学课的教学一定要结合孩子的兴趣、接受能力和成长规律进行。

除此之外,在教学中,龚长霞会用生动的语言让孩子听得懂,能演示的就不空口说,以便孩子理解和记忆。比如,讲细菌繁殖,她会指定教室最中间的一个孩子为“最开始的细菌”,当她喊细菌时,中间的孩子站起来,喊菌落时,全班同学站起来。通过这样的小游戏,加深孩子对细菌和菌落概念的理解。

万士林说,实验和情境式教学是崇文小学科学课经常采用的形式。以学习动物进食为例,老师会创设情境,如考古工作者发现了动物牙齿化石,与学生们一同讨论该动物是杂食性还是肉食性,在共同体验中学习知识。

万士林表示,对一、二年级学生也会采用类似的教学模式,但是会降低难度,从学生的兴趣点出发,不过分强调知识点教学。同时,老师会针对一年级学生好动坐不住的问题,在课程中增加游戏等环节,匹配孩子的年龄特点。

对一、二年级的教学中要使用儿童的语言,注重趣味性,同时也要注意科学规范和标准用语,真正培养孩子的科学习惯,锻炼孩子的科学思维,而不是看热闹。

彭香说,看似热闹的课堂教学引发的只是学生表层的兴趣,并不能持久,重要的是挖掘科学知识、科学概念与兴趣之间的内在联系,以知识为载体渗透科学方法、科学思维、科学精神的培养,让孩子对科学自然而然地产生兴趣。

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