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新华社堪培拉8月20日电(记者徐海静)澳大利亚国立大学日前宣布,该校科学家参与的一项研究发现,一个在银河系流浪的小型星体很可能是数百万年前一个双星系统内的白矮星引发的大爆炸崩出来的一枚“弹片”。这能帮助人们更好地理解恒星爆炸的原因,从而更好地研究宇宙的加速扩张。
白矮星是一种低光度、高密度、高温度的恒星。因为它的颜色呈白色,体积比较小,因此被命名为白矮星。
据参与研究的澳大利亚国立大学教授利利娅·费拉里奥介绍,在白矮星质量达到太阳的1.4倍时,会发生热核爆炸,导致白矮星全部或部分毁灭,全部毁灭时会产生最为强烈、最为明亮的Ia型超新星。Ia型超新星亮度统一,可以作为衡量宇宙扩张的标准参照。
白矮星为何会发生爆炸?目前有两种理论。一种认为,两颗白矮星结合形成了一个新的超高密度的白矮星,另一种认为白矮星吞噬其巨星伴侣的物质。费拉里奥表示,他们的研究成果对第二种理论提供了支持,这种理论认为白矮星吞噬其巨星伴侣,直到白矮星爆炸成为一颗超新星。
澳大利亚国立大学的科学家与捷克、德国、匈牙利、美国、加拿大等国同行合作,使用多个望远镜观察了一枚Ia型超新星的爆炸剩余部分——代号为LP 40-365的“弹片”,这枚“弹片”以极高的速度穿过了银河系。研究人员对其建立了数学模型,确定其特征,包括其密度、温度和化学构成。
在此研究基础上,研究人员认为,在一个双星系统内,一个高密度的白矮星攫取其巨星伴侣上的物质,随着白矮星攫取物质越来越多,导致情况失控,强烈的热核爆炸摧毁了双星系统。这枚相当于小型恒星大小的爆炸碎片被抛到宇宙中,并飞行了数百万年。
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