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专访:让中国转基因鲤鱼尽快“游”向餐桌——访中科院院士朱作言

2017-08-14 10:58:59   新华网

“与美国的转基因三文鱼研发比较,中国冠鲤的食品安全和生态安全评价以及生态安全对策研究不仅完全符合美国食品和药物管理局、世界卫生组织与联合国粮农组织有关审批转基因动物的所有法规要求,而且部署更为超前,实验更为充分,数据更为详尽。”朱作言说。

但是冠鲤一直未能上市。根据我国现行转基因生物安全管理相关法规,转基因安全评价需经过实验研究、中间试验、环境释放、生产性试验和安全证书等五个阶段。冠鲤安全评价自2000年完成中间试验后,由于社会上对转基因食品的争议等原因,长期没有进展。

近年来,社会和公众对转基因食品有了更多的认识,北美转基因三文鱼的成功也给了研究团队信心。因此,研究团队又重新申请并完成了冠鲤的中试,目前处于环境释放试验阶段。

转基因三文鱼在北美上市前经历了漫长的审批流程。早在1989年,加拿大科学家就培育出了转基因三文鱼,但直到2010年美国药管局才确认这种三文鱼作为食品与传统三文鱼“一样安全”,对环境也不构成危害。又经过5年审批流程,美药管局于2015年正式批准转基因三文鱼可供人类食用。半年后,加拿大监管机构也做出类似决定。

不过,由于美国国内对转基因食品也有争议,以及一些人士为保护野生三文鱼市场而进行游说等因素,转基因三文鱼暂时未能在美国上市,只能先销往加拿大。

朱作言说:“作为第一种获准登上人类餐桌的转基因动物产品,转基因三文鱼经过近20年的严格审核,这充分说明,对包括转基因鱼在内的生物技术新产业的管理决策既要尊重科学规律,也要考虑社会民意的接受程度。相关科学知识普及与企业接手产业化,是推动高新技术发展和创新产业成功不可或缺的条件。”

他认为,中国转基因鲤鱼要想从实验室“游”向餐桌,还需有关部门制订我国基因改良农业动物品种市场准入的条例和操作细则。面对公众对转基因食品的疑虑,还需要政府、科研机构、媒体秉持科学理念,向公众全面客观地宣传和解读。

新闻分析:转基因三文鱼获准上餐桌惹争议

经过20多年的等待,转基因三文鱼终于上了人们的餐桌。美国马萨诸塞州的AquaBounty公司近日透露,他们已向加拿大销售了1万磅(约合4535公斤)转基因三文鱼产品,跨出“里程碑式一步”。

但支持者和反对者的两极反应表明,围绕转基因食品的争议不会在短期内终结。>>

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