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新闻分析:转基因三文鱼获准上餐桌惹争议

2017-08-08 13:05:49   中国青年网

新华社华盛顿8月7日电新闻分析:转基因三文鱼获准上餐桌惹争议

新华社记者林小春

经过20多年的等待,转基因三文鱼终于上了人们的餐桌。美国马萨诸塞州的AquaBounty公司近日透露,他们已向加拿大销售了1万磅(约合4535公斤)转基因三文鱼产品,跨出“里程碑式一步”。

但支持者和反对者的两极反应表明,围绕转基因食品的争议不会在短期内终结。

“速成”三文鱼

转基因三文鱼即将上餐桌的消息已经传了很久,但直到AquaBounty公司日前公布第二季度财报,才首次证实已向加拿大客户售出转基因三文鱼生鱼片产品。据这家小公司介绍,转基因三文鱼每千克售价11.7美元,在第二季度为公司挣得共计5.3万美元的收入。该公司没有透露谁购买了这些鱼。

这种转基因三文鱼由大西洋三文鱼的受精卵中植入两种基因培育而成,其中一种是生长激素基因,来自鲑鱼家族中体型最大的太平洋奇努克三文鱼;另一种是来自大洋鳕鱼的抗冻蛋白基因。因此,转基因三文鱼能在寒冷海域分泌生长激素,以较快速度长大。与野生三文鱼相比,其生长周期从3年缩短为一年半,而且个头也大得多。

“这是该公司以及整个转基因技术的重要一步,”美国珀杜大学动物科学系遗传学教授威廉·缪尔对新华社记者评价,“转基因三文鱼是首个获得批准供人类食用的转基因动物,接下来的一步是让消费者接受它们。”

反转基因组织“加拿大生物技术行动网络”7日发表声明说,对这一消息感到“震惊”,“除了AquaBounty,没有人知道这些转基因三文鱼去了哪里”,“我们显然需要对所有转基因食品实施强制性标签”。

审批很漫长

尽管包括主粮在内的转基因农作物在美国已大量消费,但转基因肉食显然还存在较大争议,这反映在转基因三文鱼异常漫长的批准上市过程上。

早在1989年加拿大科学家就培育出了转基因三文鱼。正是基于这项技术,AquaBounty公司于1991年在美国马萨诸塞州成立,养殖“AquAdvantage”品牌的转基因三文鱼。不久后,这家公司开始接触美国食品和药物管理局。但直到2010年,美药管局才确认这种三文鱼作为食品与传统三文鱼“一样安全”,对环境不构成危害。

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