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基因测试可早期诊断结肠癌病变

2017-08-10 08:28:44   

科技日报柏林8月8日电 (记者顾钢)德国马克斯—戴尔布吕克分子医学中心和柏林夏里特医院合作,利用早期诊断结肠癌的肿瘤生物标记物开发了基因测试技术,对于准确判断结肠癌的病变情况,以及治疗方案的选择具有重要意义,这项研究成果刊登在了《肿瘤学年报》上。

结肠癌在德国是排名第二的常见癌症,每年约有6万人患结肠癌,愈后5年生存期平均在70%。结肠癌能否成功治愈主要取决于肿瘤早期发现,以及采用合理的治疗手段。在过去几年里,研究人员已成功地鉴别出基因亚型恶性结肠癌,其中15%的结肠癌恶性肿瘤有DNA缺陷修复机制,即所谓的DNA错配修复缺陷(dMMR)系统。另一个有意义的生物标记物是2009年识别出的MACC1(转移相关结肠癌1)基因。

研究表明,MACC1基因的活性可以显示侵润性的肿瘤生长和转移,而dMMR系统可以显示肿瘤的形成和DNA缺陷的修复机制。如通过血样检测,显示患者存在DNA缺陷修复机制且MACC1基因活性较低,即表明患者愈后寿命会大大延长。未来早期结肠癌患者可以通过简单的血样基因检测受益,对于准确判断癌变阶段,以及正确决定是否采用化疗具有重要意义。

该研究团队对约600名结肠癌(无转移和局部侵润肿瘤)的病人进行了研究,发现临床Ⅰ—Ⅲ期的结肠癌患者和MACC1基因水平较低的患者,5年的生存期接近80%,而MACC1水平高的患者5年生存期只有15%。主要研究人员乌里克·斯泰因称,血样基因测试可以较准确地显示肿瘤的复发和转移,这有助于病人做出是否早期采取化疗的艰难决定。

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