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2016中国药物滥用报告:海洛因滥用势头得到遏制

2017-08-11 14:36:39   央广网

六是药物滥用人群多药滥用情况严重。海洛因滥用监测人群中多药问题比较严重,除海洛因外,滥用/使用的其他物质为44种,呈现麻醉药品和精神药品交互滥用、中枢抑制作用的物质和具有中枢兴奋作用的物质交互滥用的多药滥用现象和滥用模式。合成毒品滥用者中滥用物质47种,使用两种以上者占10.9%,随着合成毒品滥用人群基数及滥用年限的增长,多药滥用情况日益严重。

七是新精神活性物质值得关注,部分品种滥用趋势增强。近年来,“新精神活性物质”(New Psychoactive Substance,NPS)滥用问题倍受关注,作为一个全球现象,已经引起世界各国的高度重视。2001年,我国将氯胺酮列入管制。2010年至2013年,将4-甲基甲卡西酮等13种新精神活性物质列入管制。2015年10月1日起实施《非药品类麻醉药品和精神药品管理办法》,一次性列管116种。2017年3月1日,将卡芬太尼等4种物质列入管制。2017年7月1日,将U-47700等4种物质列入管制。目前,我国已将138种新精神活性物质列入管制。药物滥用监测数据表明,2016年甲卡西酮滥用数量(707例)达到2015年数量(246例)的2.9倍,其滥用者主要来自山西(693例,占98.0%),提示当前甲卡西酮的滥用有明显的地域集中性。氯胺酮是“K粉”的主要成分。数据表明,“K粉”滥用数量和占总数的比例2016年(6,844例,占2.5%)比2015年(5,694例,占2.3%)继续增加。

2017年,中国将进一步加强基础性建设,逐步建立健全药物滥用监测法律法规、规章制度和技术规范,完善药物滥用监测系统,拓宽医疗机构报告途径,扩大监测系统的覆盖人群,开展专项调查与研究评价,逐步建立药物滥用风险评估、预警和通报机制,为打赢禁毒工作人民战争,严格管控药品风险提供支持。

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